Machine Learning-based Indoor Positioning Systems Using Multi-Channel Information

The received signal strength indicator (RSSI) is a metric of the power measured by a sensor in a receiver. Many indoor positioning technologies use RSSI to locate objects in indoor environments. Their positioning accuracy is significantly affected by reflection and absorption from walls, and by non-stationary objects such as doors and people. Therefore, it is necessary to increase transceivers in the environment to reduce positioning errors. This paper proposes an indoor positioning technology that uses the machine learning algorithm of channel state information (CSI) combined with fingerprinting. The experimental results showed that the proposed method outperformed traditional RSSI-based localization systems in terms of average positioning accuracy up to 6.13% and 54.79% for random forest (RF) and back propagation neural networks (BPNN), respectively

Machine Learning-based Indoor Positioning Systems Using Multi-Channel Information

The received signal strength indicator (RSSI) is a metric of the power measured by a sensor in a receiver. Many indoor positioning technologies use RSSI to locate objects in indoor environments. Their positioning accuracy is significantly affected by reflection and absorption from walls, and by non-stationary objects such as doors and people. Therefore, it is necessary to increase transceivers in the environment to reduce positioning errors. This paper proposes an indoor positioning technology that uses the machine learning algorithm of channel state information (CSI) combined with fingerprinting. The experimental results showed that the proposed method outperformed traditional RSSI-based localization systems in terms of average positioning accuracy up to 6.13% and 54.79% for random forest (RF) and back propagation neural networks (BPNN), respectively

Effects of TGF- β

Introduction. This study aimed to explore the effects of TGF-β1 on regulating activities of cementoblasts and osteoblasts with or without stress. Material and Methods. Human recombinant TGF-β1 was added with different doses. Immunohistochemical test of osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and Alizarin Red-S staining were conducted. Mechanical compressive stress was obtained by increasing the pressure of gaseous phase. OPG/RANKL expression was detected in both cells through quantitative real-time PCR. Results. Similar significant differences (P<0.05) existed in OPG/RANKL change with increasing concentration of TGF-β1 without mechanical stress for cementoblasts and osteoblasts. However, under 3 h stress, OPG increased and RANKL decreased significantly (P<0.01) but with similar OPG/RANKL change. Moreover, under 24 h stress, OPG change exhibited no difference (P>0.05), but RANKL decreased significantly (P<0.01) at 10 and 100 ng/mL TGF-β1 in cementoblasts. In osteoblasts, OPG increased significantly (P<0.01) at 10 and 100 ng/mL, whereas RANKL decreased with statistical difference (P<0.05) at 1 and 10 ng/mL. Conclusions. The effects of TGF-β1 on OPG/RANKL expression of cementoblasts and osteoblasts are similar even without mechanical stress. However, these effects are different under mechanical compressive stress

Effect of Extraction Temperature on the Functional and Structural Properties of Mullet Scale Gelatin

The functional property is an important factor to measure the quality of fish gelatin, which directly relates to the practical application range and value of fish gelatin. In order to explore the effect of extraction temperature on the functional properties of mullet scale gelatin, this study used a hot water extraction method. Different temperatures (60, 70, 80, 90, 100 ℃) were examined to assess their impact on the surface morphology of fish scales, fish scale gelatin yield, and functional properties (foaming capacity, emulsifying activity, gel strength, gel temperature, and melting temperature). Furthermore, the structural characteristics of fish scale gelatin were investigated using SDS-PAGE, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that as the extraction temperature increased from 60 ℃ to 100 ℃, the damage to the surface of mullet scales became increasingly severe. The fish scale gelatin yield increased from 31.72% to 50.97%, foaming capacity improved from 23.33% to 73.33%, and emulsifying activity increased from 15.13 m2/g to 17.27 m2/g. However, gel strength, gel temperature, and melting temperature decreased from 677.82 g, 20.80 ℃, and 28.70 ℃ to 372.91 g, 15.80 ℃, and 23.90 ℃, respectively. Additionally, with the increase in extraction temperature, the characteristic bands of mullet scale gelatin α1, α2, and β chains on the electrophoresis pattern became increasingly blurred. The infrared spectroscopy results showed that the fish scale gelatin had characteristic absorption peaks (amide A, amide Ⅰ, amide Ⅱ, and amide Ⅲ), with the wavenumber of amide A first increasing and then decreasing. The scanning electron microscopy results showed that the tightness of the porous grid structure of the fish scale gelatin decreased. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the industrialization of mullet scale gelatin

Nicotinamide reverses deficits in puberty-born neurons and cognitive function after maternal separation.

Background Early life stress (ELS) is associated with the development of schizophrenia later in life. The hippocampus develops significantly during childhood and is extremely reactive to stress. In rodent models, ELS can induce neuroinflammation, hippocampal neuronal loss, and schizophrenia-like behavior. While nicotinamide (NAM) can inhibit microglial inflammation, it is unknown whether NAM treatment during adolescence reduces hippocampal neuronal loss and abnormal behaviors induced by ELS. Methods Twenty-four hours of maternal separation (MS) of Wistar rat pups on post-natal day (PND)9 was used as an ELS. On PND35, animals received a single intraperitoneal injection of BrdU to label dividing neurons and were given NAM from PND35 to PND65. Behavioral testing was performed. Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)/Sirtuin3 (Sirt3)/superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) pathway-related proteins. Results Compared with controls, only MS animals in the adult stage (PND56–65) but not the adolescent stage (PND31–40) exhibited pre-pulse inhibition deficits and cognitive impairments mimicking schizophrenia symptoms. MS decreased the survival and activity of puberty-born neurons and hippocampal NAD+ and Sirt3 expression in adulthood. These observations were related to an increase in acetylated SOD2, microglial activation, and significant increases in pro-inflammatory IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression. All the effects of MS at PND9 were reversed by administering NAM in adolescence (PND35–65). Conclusions MS may lead to schizophrenia-like phenotypes and persistent hippocampal abnormalities. NAM may be a safe and effective treatment in adolescence to restore normal hippocampal function and prevent or ameliorate schizophrenia-like behavior

Exposures to particulate matters and childhood sleep disorders—A large study in three provinces in China

Objectives: Evidence on the link between long-term ambient particulate matter (PM) exposures and childhood sleep disorders were scarce. We examined the associations between long-term exposures to PM2.5 and PM1 (PM with an aerodynamic equivalent diameter <2.5 μm and <1 μm, respectively) with sleep disorders in children. Methods: We performed a population-based cross-sectional survey in 177,263 children aged 6 to 18 years in 14 Chinese cities during 2012–2018. A satellite-based spatiotemporal model was employed to estimate four-year annual average PM2.5 and PM1 exposures at residential and school addresses. Parents or guardians completed a checklist using the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children. We estimated the associations using generalized linear mixed models with adjustment for characteristics of children, parents, and indoor environments. Results: Long-term PM2.5 and PM1 exposures were positively associated with odds of sleep disorders for almost all domains. For example, increments in PM2.5 and PM1 per 10 μg/m3 were associated with odds ratios of global sleep disorder of 1.24 (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.14, 1.35) and 1.31 (95 %CI: 1.18, 1.46), respectively. Similar results were observed for subtypes of sleep disorder. These associations were heterogeneous regionally, with stronger associations among children residing in southeast region than in northeast and northwest regions. Moreover, larger estimates of PM1 were found than that of PM2.5 in southeast region. Conclusion: Long-term PM2.5 and PM1 exposures are independently associated with higher risks of childhood sleep disorders, and these associations vary by geographical region

An Updated Search of Steady TeV γ−\gamma-Ray Point Sources in Northern Hemisphere Using the Tibet Air Shower Array

Using the data taken from Tibet II High Density (HD) Array (1997 February-1999 September) and Tibet-III array (1999 November-2005 November), our previous northern sky survey for TeV $\gamma-$ray point sources has now been updated by a factor of 2.8 improved statistics. From $0.0^{\circ}$ to $60.0^{\circ}$ in declination (Dec) range, no new TeV $\gamma-$ray point sources with sufficiently high significance were identified while the well-known Crab Nebula and Mrk421 remain to be the brightest TeV $\gamma-$ray sources within the field of view of the Tibet air shower array. Based on the currently available data and at the 90% confidence level (C.L.), the flux upper limits for different power law index assumption are re-derived, which are approximately improved by 1.7 times as compared with our previous reported limits.Comment: This paper has been accepted by hepn

Identifying long-term stable refugia for dominant Castanopsis species of evergreen broad-leaved forests in East Asia: A tool for ensuring their conservation

Identifying and protecting refugia is a priority for conservation management under projected anthropogenic climate change. We have two main objectives: the first is to explore the spatial (East Asia) and temporal (Last Glacial Maximum to year 2070) distribution patterns of dominant Castanopsis species of evergreen broad-leaved forests, also the relation with their niche breadths; the second is to identify long-term stable refugia for preserving these species and provide a framework of conservation strategies. We find that there is an extraordinary richness with 32 dominant Castanopsis species, and they form both a geographically and climatically almost unbroken connection from ca. 5°N to 38°N, having thus ecological significance. During the Mid-Holocene and, particularly, the Last Glacial Maximum, the predicted suitable areas of the species as a whole were larger than those in the present. By 2070, potentially suitable areas with high richness of dominant Castanopsis species will be reduced by 94.5 % on average. No correlation between species niche breadths and distribution ranges is found, which could be due to regional climate stability. Mountains of southwestern and southern Yunnan in China are identified as climatically long-term stable refugia for 7¿9 Castanopsis species. We recommend that these refugia have the highest priority of conservation to prevent their extinction. Our suggested urgent measures include improving the effectiveness of currently protected Castanopsis species and expanding the network of protected areas to cover a larger fraction of the refugia, as well as ensuring Castanopsis species natural regeneration potential in fragmented and natural secondary forest areas.This study received financial support from the Major Program for Basic Research Project of Yunnan Province, China (202101BC070002), the Science and Technology Department of Yunnan University, China (2019YNU002), the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2015FY210200-15), the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (grant PID2020-119163GB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033), the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency of Japan (JPMEERF20202002), and the Northeastern Research Institute of Petrified Wood and Mineral Resources, Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University, Thailand.Keywords 1. Introduction 2. Materials and methods 2.1. Data collection and notations 2.2. Ecological niche modeling 2.3. Data analyses 3. Results 3.1. Dominant Castanopsis species in East Asia today: richness and distribution patterns 3.2. Richness of dominant Castanopsis species shaped by climate change 3.3. Niche groups and niche breadths of dominant Castanopsis species 3.4. Climatically long-term stable refugia 4. Discussion 4.1. Richness of dominant Castanopsis species shaped by climate change 4.2. Niche groups and niche breadths of dominant Castanopsis species 4.3. Long-term stable refugia and conservation strategies 5. Conclusions CRediT authorship contribution statement Declaration of competing interest Acknowledgements Appendix A. Supplementary material Reference