l-Glutamic acid hydro­chloride at 153 K

The title compound [systematic name: (S)-1,3-dicarboxy­propanaminium chloride], C5H10NO4 +·Cl−, has been investigated previously by Dawson [Acta Cryst. (1953). 6, 81–83], with R = 0.106 and without the location of H atoms, and then by Sequeira, Rajagopal & Chidambaram [Acta Cryst. (1972). B28, 2514–2519] using neutron diffraction with R = 0.043. The present determination at 153 K has R = 0.017 and all the H atoms are located. There are obvious differences in some C—C bond lengths between the present and previous studies. In the present structure, l-glutamic acid is protonated and is linked to the Cl− anion by an O—H⋯Cl hydrogen bond. The crystal structure is established by a three-dimensional network of O—H⋯O, N—H⋯O and N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds

Research progress of computer analysis method of SPECT-CT and PET-CT

多模态成像设备的发展是影像学发展的里程碑，继PET-CT后，美国通用电气公司推出了Discovery NM/CT 670，将CT与SPECT有机整合在一起，形成的SPECT/CT新型分子医学影像设备，随着SPECT-CT和PET-CT日益广泛地受到关注和应用，许多关于SPECT-CT和PET-CT图像分析的计算机方法应运而生，越来越受到临床和影像学科的重视。本文就SPECT-CT和PET-CT的计算机分析方法进行了详细的描述。The development of multi-modality imaging devices marks a milestone of medical imaging. Discovery NM/CT 670 was recently launched by Ge Corp in the United States after the development of PET-CT and it integrated CT and SPECT. The newly formed type of molecular imaging equipment of SPECT/CT is getting wide attention along with the application of SPECT-CT and PET-CT so that computer analysis of SPECT-CT and PET-CT image came into being, which was much valued by clinical and imaging studies. The paper described detailed information of SPECT-CT and PET-CT computer analysis

SPECT-CT和PET-CT计算机分析方法的探索研究

The development of multimodal imaging equipment is milestone in the development of imaging, after the PET-CT, American GE company launched a Discovery 670 NM/CT, CT and SPECT, the organic integration of the formation of SPECT-CT new molecular medical imaging equipment, with SPECT, CT and PET-CT is getting more and more widely attention and application, many of SPECT-CT and PET-CT image analysis computer method arises at the historic moment, getting increasing attention of the clinical and imaging science. The paper carried on the detailed description of the SPECT-CT and PET-CT computer analysis method.多模态成像设备的发展是影像学发展的里程碑，继PET-CT后，美国通用电气公司推出了Discovery NM/CT 670，将CT与SPECT有机整合在一起，形成的SPECT-CT新型分子医学影像设备，随着SPECT-CT和PET-CT日益广泛地受到关注和应用，许多关于SPECT-CT和PET-CT图像分析的计算机方法应运而生，越来越受到临床和影像学科的重视。本文就SPECT/CT和PET-CT的计算机分析方法进行了详细的描述

The research and practice based on the full-time visitation model in clinical medical education

临床教学医院，承担着高等医学院校的医学生的临床教学任务，传统的“小二段”教学模式即前期进行理论教学、后期安排临床实习，存在实习时间过于集中、学生理论与实习脱节的弊端。笔者选取日照市人民医院这一多家医学院校临床教学医院，2005年9月—2014年7月对新接收的高等医学院校临床本科1398名医学生，执行教学任务，采用随机抽样的方法，分成 “全程实习教学模式”的观察组700名和 “小二段”教学模式的对照组698名，制定和使用实习手册、OSCE考核及自行设计临床教学质量问卷调查量表，对调查问卷进行了信度和效度调查，预试后确定考评细则，进行登记、记录、理论考试、技能考核，医学生身心健康、医患沟通、人文关怀及对临床科室冲击力影响采用调查问卷的方式进行考评，统计分析教学质量的差异。单项因素分析，在人文关怀为（x2＝5.958，P＝0.015）、爱伤观念（ x2＝7.331，P＝0.007）、医患沟通（x2 ＝32.342，P＝0.000）、实践技能（x2 ＝10.664，P＝0.001）、创造思维能力（ x2＝4.936，P＝0.026）、学生身心健康（ x2＝6.224，P＝0.013）和对临床影响（x2 ＝4.151，P＝0.042）两组差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；而理论知识（x2 ＝0.222，P＝0.637）指标两组差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；总体评价观察组采用“全程实习教学模式”临床教学质量优于传统“小二段”教学对照组（x2 ＝12.237，P＝0.001），P＜0.05。基于临床“全程实习教学模式”，构建新型实习临床实践教学模式，较传统的“小二段”教学模式，在医学生的医患沟通、爱伤观念、理论基础知识、临床实践技能及研究生录取率等方面都明显提高。不断改进和完善OSCE考试会使评价更合理、更客观、更公正。Most of the higher medical colleges and universities teaching hospital carry certain clinical teaching tasks, but the traditional teaching pattern of "two stage", including the early stage of the theory of teaching, the late arrangement of clinical practice, had some drawbacks such as practice time is too concentrated and the chasm between students' theory and practice. It is suggested that students contact clinical diagnosis and treatment earlier, visit more patients and increase the ratio of visitation and course. But as more and more students flood into university, clinical visitation has turned into a difficulty to improve students’ ability. To resolve this problem, we have made some efficient practice and exploration in Rizhao City People's Hospital from September 2005 to July 2014. The students were divided into full-time visitation model group and “two stage” pattern group randomly. The single factors are of great difference between the two groups. The full-time visitation model in clinical medical education builds a new mode of practice of clinical practice teaching in the medical stuents' concept of doctor-patient communication, humanistic care to patients, basic theoretical knowledge, clinical practice skills and graduate admission rate increased significantly. Continuous improvement of OSCE exam is needed to make evaluation more scientific, objective and fair

Activation of Serotonin 2C Receptors in Dopamine Neurons Inhibits Binge-like Eating in Mice

Acknowledgments and Disclosures This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (Grant Nos. R01DK093587 and R01DK101379 [to YX], R01DK092605 to [QT], R01DK078056 [to MM]), the Klarman Family Foundation (to YX), the Naman Family Fund for Basic Research (to YX), Curtis Hankamer Basic Research Fund (to YX), American Diabetes Association (Grant Nos. 7-13-JF-61 [to QW] and 1-15-BS-184 [to QT]), American Heart Association postdoctoral fellowship (to PX), Wellcome Trust (Grant No. WT098012 [to LKH]), and Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (Grant No. BB/K001418/1 [to LKH]). The anxiety tests (e.g., open-field test, light-dark test, elevated plus maze test) were performed in the Mouse Neurobehavior Core, Baylor College of Medicine, which was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant No. P30HD024064. PX and YH were involved in experimental design and most of the procedures, data acquisition and analyses, and writing the manuscript. XC assisted in the electrophysiological recordings; LV-T assisted in the histology study; XY, KS, CW, YY, AH, LZ, and GS assisted in surgical procedures and production of study mice. MGM, QW, QT, and LKH were involved in study design and writing the manuscript. YX is the guarantor of this work and, as such, had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. The authors report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.Peer reviewedPublisher PD