Space-like Submanifolds with Parallel Normalized Mean Curvature Vector Field in de Sitter Space

Space-like submanifolds, with dimension greater than three and with negative definite normal bundle in a general de Sitter space, of any index, are studied. For the compact space-like submanifolds whose mean curvature has no zero and the corresponding normalized vector field is parallel, under natural boundedness assumptions on the lengths of the gradient of the length of the mean curvature and the covariant derivative of the second fundamental form, it is proved that they must be totally umbilical. As an application, two characterizations of totally umbilical space-like submanifolds in terms of the scalar curvature and the length of its second fundamental form are given. All the results extend the previous ones obtained by Liu for the case of space-like hypersurfaces in de Sitter space of index one. In addition, for the complete space-like submanifolds, whose normalized mean curvature vector field is parallel, two characterizations of totally umbilical space-like submanifolds and hyperbolic cylinders are obtained

Simulating CO 2 profiles using NIES TM and comparison with HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations

We present a study on validation of the National Institute for Environmental Studies Transport Model (NIES TM) by comparing to observed vertical profiles of atmospheric CO2. The model uses a hybrid sigma-isentropic (σ–θ) vertical coordinate that employs both terrain-following and isentropic parts switched smoothly in the stratosphere. The model transport is driven by reanalyzed meteorological fields and designed to simulate seasonal and diurnal cycles, synoptic variations, and spatial distributions of atmospheric chemical constituents in the troposphere. The model simulations were run for biosphere, fossil fuel, air–ocean exchange, biomass burning and inverse correction fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2) by GOSAT Level 4 product. We compared the NIES TM simulated fluxes with data from the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) Merged 10 s Meteorology, Atmospheric Chemistry, and Aerosol Data, including HIPPO-1, HIPPO-2 and HIPPO-3 from 128.0° E to −84.0° W, and 87.0° N to −67.2° S

Plastic properties and microstructure evolution of 20CrMoA steel during warm deformation

The plastic properties and microstructure evolution of 20CrMoA steel was analyzed at 600-750 °C and strain rate of 0,01-10 s-1.The result reveals that the deformation behavior is hardening followed by softening at low strain rates(0,01 s-1 and 0,1 s-1), but hardening is dominant in the whole deformation process at high strain rates(1 s-1and 10 s-1) and low temperature(600 °C and 650 °C). The strain rate sensitivity exponent increases with the increasing deformation temperature except for 650 °C and high strain rate. The spheroidization mechanism of cementite is the mechanical fracture and the dissolution of cementite particles. At 700 °C, spheroidized particles are finer and their distribution is more uniform than that at 750 °C

Characterization of Hyperbolic Cylinders in a Lorentzian Space Form

We give a characterization of the n-dimensional (n ≥ 3) hyperbolic cylinders in a Lorentzian space form. We show that the hyperbolic cylinders are the only complete space-like hypersurfaces in an (n + 1)-dimensional Lorentzian space form M₁ⁿ⁺¹(c) with non-zero constant mean curvature H whose two distinct principal curvatures λ and μ satisfy inf(λ - μ)² > 0 for c ≤ 0 or inf(λ - μ)² > 0, H² ≥ c, for c > 0, where λ is of multiplicity n - 1 and μ of multiplicity 1 and λ 0 при c ≤ 0 или inf(λ - μ)² > 0, H² ≥ c, при c > 0, где λ имеет порядок n - 1, а μ порядок 1 и λ < μ

Developmental changes in the role of different metalinguistic awareness skills in Chinese reading acquisition from preschool to third grade

Copyright @ 2014 Wei et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.The present study investigated the relationship between Chinese reading skills and metalinguistic awareness skills such as phonological, morphological, and orthographic awareness for 101 Preschool, 94 Grade-1, 98 Grade-2, and 98 Grade-3 children from two primary schools in Mainland China. The aim of the study was to examine how each of these metalinguistic awareness skills would exert their influence on the success of reading in Chinese with age. The results showed that all three metalinguistic awareness skills significantly predicted reading success. It further revealed that orthographic awareness played a dominant role in the early stages of reading acquisition, and its influence decreased with age, while the opposite was true for the contribution of morphological awareness. The results were in stark contrast with studies in English, where phonological awareness is typically shown as the single most potent metalinguistic awareness factor in literacy acquisition. In order to account for the current data, a three-stage model of reading acquisition in Chinese is discussed.National Natural Science Foundation of China and Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences

Optimal Receiver Antenna Location in Indoor Environment Using Dynamic Differential Evolution and Genetic Algorithm

[[abstract]]Using the impulse responses of these multipath channels, the bit error rate (BER) performance for binary pulse amplitude modulation impulse radio ultra-wideband communication system is calculated. The optimization location of receiving antenna is investigated by dynamic differential evolution (DDE) and genetic algorithm (GA) to minimize the outage probability. Numerical results show that the performance for reducing BER and outage probability by DDE algorithm is better than that by GA.[[notice]]補正完畢[[incitationindex]]SCI[[booktype]]紙本[[booktype]]電子

Improved photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4 derived from cyanamide-urea solution

This paper describes the fabrication of g-C3N4 by the polymerization of cyanamide-urea solution at elevated temperatures. The textural properties and electronic band structure of the obtained g-C3N4 were investigated in detail. The photocatalytic activity for both oxidative and reductive reactions of the as-synthesized g-C3N4 was found to be enhanced as the polymerization temperature increase and the g-C3N4 obtained at 700 degrees C (CN-700) showed the best photocatalytic activity under visible-light (lambda > 420 nm). Considering that the rather wide band gap (3.01 eV) of CN-700 disables the electron transition from the valence band to the conduction band by visible light (l > 420 nm), it is believed the n-pi* transition, which is alternatively proposed in this study, plays a key role in its photocatalytic activity. In light of this discovery, the variation of the electron-transition mechanism for g-C3N4 fabricated at different polymerization temperatures has been firstly investigated

Intraoperative Flurbiprofen Treatment Alters Immune Checkpoint Expression in Patients Undergoing Elective Thoracoscopic Resection of Lung Cancer

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of intraoperative administration of flurbiprofen on postoperative levels of programmed death 1 (PD-1) in patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery. Materials and Methods: In this prospective double-blind trial, patients were randomized to receive intralipid (control group, n = 34, 0.1 mL/kg, i.v.) or flurbiprofen axetil (flurbiprofen group, n = 34, 50 mg, i.v.) before induction of anesthesia. PD-1 levels on T cell subsets, inflammation, and immune markers in peripheral blood were examined before the induction of anesthesia (T-0) and 24 h (T-1), 72 h (T-2), and 1 week (T-3) after surgery. A linear mixed model was used to determine whether the changes from baseline values (T-0) between groups were significantly different. Results: The increases in the percentage of PD-1((+))CD8((+)) T cells observed at T-1 and T-2 in the control group were higher than those in the flurbiprofen group (T-1: 12.91 +/- 1.65 vs. 7.86 +/- 5.71%, p = 0.031; T-2: 11.54 +/- 1.54 vs. 8.75 +/- 1.73%, p = 0.004), whereas no differences were observed in the changes in the percentage of PD-1((+))CD4((+)) T cells at T-1 and T-2 between the groups. Moreover, extensive changes in the percentage of lymphocyte subsets and inflammatory marker concentrations were observed at T-1 and T-2 after surgery and flurbiprofen attenuated most of these changes. Conclusions: Perioperative administration of flurbiprofen attenuated the postoperative increase in PD-1 levels on CD8((+)) T cells up to 72 h after surgery, but not after this duration. The clinical relevance of changes in PD-1 levels to long-term surgical outcome remains unknown