The extent to which smart learning strategies are applied in physical education classes from physical education teachers\u27 point of view in Salfit Governorate مدى تطبيق استراتيجيات التعلم الذكي في حصص التربية الرياضية من وجهة نظر معلمي التربية الرياضية في محافظة سلفيت

Abstract: This study aimed to Identifying the extent to which smart learning strategies are applied in physical education classes from physical education teachers\u27 point of view in Salfit Governorate. To achieve that, the researcher used the descriptive methodology. Aquestionnaire developed by the researcher to collect date. It consisted off (22) items. The study conducted on a sample consisted of (23) physical education teachers in Salfit governorate, with (13) males and (10) females, They were chosen intertioanally. The results showed that the degree of application of smart learning strategies in physical education classes was moderate from the teachers\u27 point of view, with a mean of (677.). Among the most important recommendations that the researcher recommended: The necessity of holding courses and workshops for physical education teachers to know smart learning strategies and how to implement them. ملخص: هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف إلى مدى تطبيق استراتيجيات التعلم الذكي في حصص التربية الرياضية من وجهة نظر معلمي التربية الرياضية في محافظة سلفيت, ولتحقيق ذلك استخدمت الباحثة المنهج الوصفي؛ إذ قامت بتطوير استبانة تكونت من (22) فقرة كأداة للدراسة, وأُجريت الدراسة على عينة قوامها (23) معلماً ومعلمة تربية رياضية في محافظة سلفيت بواقع (13) معلماً و(10) معلمات, تم اختيارها بالطريقة العمدية,وأظهرت النتائج أنَّ درجة تطبيق استراتيجيات التعلم الذكي في حصص التربية الرياضية كانت متوسطة من وجهة نظر معلمي التربية الرياضية في محافظة سلفيت؛ بمتوسط حسابي بلغ67%, ومن أهم ما أوصت به الباحثة: ضرورة عقد دورات وورشات عمل لمعلمي التربية الرياضية للوصول إلى الفهم الصحيح والمعرفة في كافة استراتيجيات التعلم الذكي وكيفية تطبيقها

Unusual intraparenchymal pontomedullary epidermoid cyst in a 2 year-old: case report and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Intrinsic brainstem epidermoid cysts are rare, benign, slow growing lesions. Their eloquence preclude complete excision, however subtotal resection will often result in prolonged or sometimes permanent relief of presenting symptoms and signs. We describe an unusual case and review the literature of this pathology in the paediatric population. CASE DESCRIPTION: We report an intra-axial pontine epidermoid cyst in a 2-year-old girl who presented with developmental delay, multiple cranial nerve palsies and pneumonia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated an intrinsic pontine lesion with partial restricted diffusion and an enhancing plaque, the latter not typically seen in congenital lesions like epidermoid. However, gross surgical inspection and histopathology confirmed an epidermoid. CONCLUSION: Our case, supported by the literature, shows that brain stem epidermoid cysts may have atypical radiological characteristics, and that near total resection remains safe and can improve outcome

Oesophageal pleural fistula presenting with Parvimonas micra infection causing cervical and brain abscesses.

Parvimonas micra (P. micra) infections causing spinal cord compression are extremely rare. We report an occult oesophageal pleural fistula presenting with spinal epidural and brain abscesses resulting in severe neurological deficits caused by P. micra. Molecular detection proved to be instrumental in identifying the causative pathogen. Essential management with decompression, drainage, antibiotics and fistula repair lead to a good outcome

Rapid neuroinflammatory changes in human acute intracerebral hemorrhage

Objective Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the commonest form of hemorrhagic stroke and is associated with a poor prognosis. Neurosurgical removal of intracerebral hematoma has limited benefit and no pharmacotherapies are available. In acute ICH, primary tissue damage is followed by secondary pathology, where the cellular and neuroinflammatory changes are poorly understood. Methods We studied histological changes in postmortem tissue from a cohort of spontaneous supra‐tentorial primary ICH cases (n = 27) with survival of 1–12 days, compared to a matched control group (n = 16) examined in corresponding regions. Hematoxylin–eosin and microglial (Iba1) immunolabelled sections were assessed at 0–2, 3–5, and 7–12 days post‐ICH. Results Peri‐hematoma, the observed ICH‐related changes include edema, tissue neutrophils and macrophages from day 1. Ischemic neurons and swollen endothelial cells were common at day 1 and universal after day 5, as were intramural erythrocytes within small vessel walls. Activated microglia were evident at day 1 post‐ICH. There was a significant increase in Iba1 positive area fraction at 0–2 (threefold), 3–5 (fourfold), and 7–12 days post ICH (ninefold) relative to controls. Giant microglia were detected peri‐hematoma from day 5 and consistently 7–12 days post‐ICH. Interpretation Our data indicate that neuroinflammatory processes commence from day 1 post‐ICH with changing microglial size and morphology following ICH and up to day 12. From day 5 some microglia exhibit a novel multiply nucleated morphology, which may be related to changing phagocytic function. Understanding the time course of neuroinflammatory changes, post‐ICH may reveal novel targets for therapy and brain restoration

AMPA receptors and seizures mediate hippocampal radial glia-like stem cell proliferation.

Neurogenesis is sustained throughout life in the mammalian brain, supporting hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. Its permanent alteration by status epilepticus (SE) is associated with learning and cognitive impairments. The mechanisms underlying the initiation of altered neurogenesis after SE are not understood. Glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive radial glia (RG)-like cells proliferate early after SE, but their proliferation dynamics and signaling are largely unclear. We have previously reported a polarized distribution of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) on RG-like cells in vivo and postulated that these may signal their proliferation. Here, we examined the acute effects of kainate on hippocampal precursor cells in vitro and in kainate-induced SE on proliferating and quiescent clones of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine prelabeled hippocampal precursors in vivo. In vitro, we found that 5 μM kainate shortened the cell cycle time of RG-like cells via AMPAR activation and accelerated cell cycle re-entry of their progeny. It also shifted their fate choice expanding the population of RG-like cells and reducing the population of downstream amplifying neural progenitors. Kainate enhanced the survival of all precursor cell subtypes. Pharmacologically, kainate's proliferative and survival effects were abolished by AMPAR blockade. Functional AMPAR expression was confirmed on RG-like cells in vitro. In agreement with these observations, kainate/seizures enhanced the proliferation and expansion predominantly of constitutively cycling RG-like cell clones in vivo. Our results identify AMPARs as key potential players in initiating the proliferation of dentate RG-like cells and unravel a possible receptor target for modifying the radial glia-like cell response to SE

Freehand external ventricular drain insertion - is there a learning curve?

Background: Accuracy of freehand insertion of external ventricular drains (EVDs) is influenced by many factors including etiology and presence of midline shift. We sought to assess if junior neurosurgical trainees' performance in accurately inserting EVDs improves with experience, using a radiological grading system. Methods: EVD insertion procedures from the first 3 years of training were identified from the operative logbooks of three trainees. Postoperative CT head scans were graded for accuracy of placement and intraventricular catheter length. Results: 40 frontal EVDs performed primarily by the trainees were identified, after 34 assists, revision surgeries, parietal, or occipital insertions were excluded from the study. The mean number (±1 SD) of procedures was 7.7 ± 4.5 at ST3, 4.7 ± 2.5 at ST2, and 1 ± 1 at ST1. About 80% of EVDs were optimally inserted. There was no statistically significant difference in placement accuracy between the three training grades (P = 0.669), nor any difference in intraventricular catheter length (P = 0.697). There were no statistically significant differences between surgeons' accuracy at each grade. Conclusion: We report good accuracy of EVDs tip position inserted by junior neurosurgery trainees. Trainees perform more procedures independently as they progress in their career. Further studies including senior years of training performance, other procedure factors and outcome should be considered

Bartonella henselae Endocarditis: An Usual Presentation of an Unusual Disease

Bartonella species are an emerging cause of culture-negative endocarditis with more cases being diagnosed now than 25 years ago when Bartonella quintana endocarditis was first described in a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Despite the disease being increasingly reported, the exact epidemiological features are not clear, with prevalence rates ranging between 2% and 10% of all cases of culture-negative endocarditis. Moreover, the mortality rate is still high, presumably because of the subacute nature and relative rareness of the disease. Bartonella endocarditis occurs more often in men, and previous valvular surgery is a major risk factor. There is insufficient data to guide definitive treatment due to the paucity of literature. A previous study demonstrated that effective antibiotic therapy for Bartonella endocarditis should include an aminoglycoside prescribed for a minimum of 2 weeks. However, the treatment strategy is a matter of expert opinio