Comparison between lichtenstein and laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair of adult inguinal hernias – A randomized controlled study

Background: Lichtenstein tension free repair is the gold-standard technique amongst the open procedures performed for inguinal hernia repair. Advanced laparoscopic techniques are also now being widely used one of which is the transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) inguinal hernia repair. In this study Lichtenstein was compared with TAPP for adult inguinal hernia repair. Objective: To compare the two procedures in terms of operative time taken, intra-operative complications, post-operative complications, duration of hospital stay and recurrences. Material and Methods: A randomized controlled study was carried out in the Department of surgery, RMCH, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh from 01 Nov 2019 to 31 Oct 2020. Hundred and twelve adult inguinal hernia patients were included and randomly allotted to Lichtenstein and TAPP repair. All data was statistically assessed using SPSS version 23. Results: Operative time of Lichtenstein and TAPP was 42.05±10.03 and 67.25±6.05 minutes respectively. Visual analogue score (VAS) for pain at 24 hours in Lichtenstein and TAPP group was 4.35±1.1 & 2.28±0.94 respectively and at 72 hours was 3.41±1.09 and 1.37±0.72 respectively. Wound infection was present in 4 (7.14%) patients of the Lichtenstein group no infection was observed in the TAPP group. There was no significant difference found in the groups when compared for post-operative hematoma, seroma and neuralgia. Post-operative hospital stay was significantly lower in the TAPP group (mean ± SD: 2.71 ± 0.52 days) as compared to Lichtenstein group (mean ± SD: 6.14 ±1.2 days). One patient in Lichtenstein group had recurrence on three months of follow-up

Development of a Graphene Oxide-Supported <i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbene Copper(I) Complex as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Selective <i>N</i>-Monoalkylation of Amines

A new N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) copper(I) complex supported on graphene oxide (GO-NHC-Cu) was synthesised and thoroughly characterised by various instrumental techniques such as FT-IR, FT-Raman, PXRD, XPS, FESEM, EDX, HRTEM, TGA and ICP-OES. The catalytic activity of the supported complex was explored in the N-alkylation of anilines with alcohols under solvent-free and aerobic conditions to afford monoalkylated products in good to excellent yields (20 products, 83–96%). All products were isolated and characterised by 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy. The catalyst was recuperated from the reaction mixture by simple filtration and reused for up to five successive cycles with insignificant loss in the catalytic activity. The control experiments showed that the reaction proceeded in aerobic conditions. The green chemistry metrics for the reaction were found to be fairly close to the ideal values: carbon efficiency (95.9%), E-factor (0.15), atom economy (92.14%), process mass intensity (1.15) and reaction mass efficiency (86.80%). The air stability, selectivity, recyclability of the catalyst, and the high yields of the products under solvent-free conditions are some of the salient features of the reported methodology

Development of a Graphene Oxide-Supported N-Heterocyclic Carbene Copper(I) Complex as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Selective N-Monoalkylation of Amines

A new N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) copper(I) complex supported on graphene oxide (GO-NHC-Cu) was synthesised and thoroughly characterised by various instrumental techniques such as FT-IR, FT-Raman, PXRD, XPS, FESEM, EDX, HRTEM, TGA and ICP-OES. The catalytic activity of the supported complex was explored in the N-alkylation of anilines with alcohols under solvent-free and aerobic conditions to afford monoalkylated products in good to excellent yields (20 products, 83&ndash;96%). All products were isolated and characterised by 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy. The catalyst was recuperated from the reaction mixture by simple filtration and reused for up to five successive cycles with insignificant loss in the catalytic activity. The control experiments showed that the reaction proceeded in aerobic conditions. The green chemistry metrics for the reaction were found to be fairly close to the ideal values: carbon efficiency (95.9%), E-factor (0.15), atom economy (92.14%), process mass intensity (1.15) and reaction mass efficiency (86.80%). The air stability, selectivity, recyclability of the catalyst, and the high yields of the products under solvent-free conditions are some of the salient features of the reported methodology

Computational screening of promising beta-secretase 1 inhibitors through multi-step molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations - pharmacoinformatics approach

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder generally developed with aging. AD slowly hammers the memory and cognitive abilities which eventually leads to abnormal behaviour, and ultimately left with disability and dependency. It is anticipated that by the year 2050, world population will experience the incidence of 100 million AD cases. It has been more than hundred years passed since AD recognized as a dreadfull disease, but there is no effective curative agent discovered against AD to date. One of the major hallmarks of the AD development is the accumulation of extracellular amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques in the brain. In the amyloidogenic process, an extensively studied beta-secretase enzyme, known as BACE1, plays a key role in the accumulation and production of Aβ fragments. Therefore, successful inhibition of BACE1 by small molecular chemical entities can be an effective approach for anti-AD drug development. Hence, the current study has been perceived to find out potential BACE1 inhibitiors by virtual screening of entire Asinex chemical library database through multi-step molecular docking methodologies. Further, sequential screening of in-silico pharmacokinetics, molecular dynamic (MD) simulations analyses along with binding free energy estimation were performed. Comparative analyses and characteristics of molecular binding interactions assessment finally suggests that five molecules (B1–B5) to be the most promising BACE1 inhibitors. Molecular interactions analyses revealed that either one or both the catalytic dyad residues (Asp32 and Asp228) of BACE1 has formed strong molecular interactions with all the proposed molecules. Not only the catalytic dyad residues are involved in the formation of molecular binding interactions but also other important non-Asp binders residues such as Gly34, Tyr71, Trp115, Arg128, Lys224, Gly230, Thr231, Thr232, Arg235, Thr329, and Val332 found to interact with the selected compounds. Moreover, the dynamic behaviour of proposed molecules and BACE1 was explored through all-atoms MD simulation study for 100 ns time span. Analysis of MD simulation trajectories explained that all identified molecules are efficient enough to retain the structural and molecular interactions integrity inside the receptor cavity of BACE1 in dynamic environment. Finally, the binding free energy of each molecule has calculated from MD simulation trajectories through MM-PBSA method and found that all molecules possess a strong binding affinity towards the BACE1. The high negative binding free energies are found to be within the range of −994.978 to −561.562 kJ/mol for the identified compounds. Henceforth, analyses of extensively studied multi-cheminformatics approaches explained that proposed molecules might be promising BACE1 inhibitors for therapeutic application in AD, subjected to experimental validation.The Deanship of Scientific Research at Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia through the Fast-track Research Funding Program.http://www.elsevier.com/ locate/molstruc2021-04-05hj2020Chemical Patholog

Results of Phase III Randomized Trial for Use of Docetaxel as a Radiosensitizer in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer, Unsuitable for Cisplatin-Based Chemoradiation

PURPOSE There is a lack of published literature on systemic therapeutic options in cisplatin-ineligible patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LAHNSCC) undergoing chemoradiation. Docetaxel was assessed as a radiosensitizer in this situation.METHODS This was a randomized phase II/III study. Adult patients (age a-18 years) with LAHNSCC planned for chemoradiation and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-2 and who were cisplatin-ineligible were randomly assigned in 1:1 to either radiation alone or radiation with concurrent docetaxel 15 mg/m2 once weekly for a maximum of seven cycles. The primary end point was 2-year disease-free survival (DFS).RESULTS The study recruited 356 patients between July 2017 and May 2021. The 2-year DFS was 30.3% (95% CI, 23.6 to 37.4) versus 42% (95% CI, 34.6 to 49.2) in the RT and Docetaxel-RT arms, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.673; 95% CI, 0.521 to 0.868; P value =.002). The corresponding median overall survival (OS) was 15.3 months (95% CI, 13.1 to 22.0) and 25.5 months (95% CI, 17.6 to 32.5), respectively (log-rank P value =.035). The 2-year OS was 41.7% (95% CI, 34.1 to 49.1) versus 50.8% (95% CI, 43.1 to 58.1) in the RT and Docetaxel-RT arms, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.747; 95% CI, 0.569 to 0.980; P value =.035). There was a higher incidence of grade 3 or above mucositis (22.2% v 49.7%; P &lt;.001), odynophagia (33.5% v 52.5%; P &lt;.001), and dysphagia (33% v 49.7%; P =.002) with the addition of docetaxel.CONCLUSION The addition of docetaxel to radiation improved DFS and OS in cisplatin-ineligible patients with LAHNSCC.</p

Results of Phase III Randomized Trial for Use of Docetaxel as a Radiosensitizer in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer, Unsuitable for Cisplatin-Based Chemoradiation

PURPOSE There is a lack of published literature on systemic therapeutic options in cisplatin-ineligible patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LAHNSCC) undergoing chemoradiation. Docetaxel was assessed as a radiosensitizer in this situation.METHODS This was a randomized phase II/III study. Adult patients (age a-18 years) with LAHNSCC planned for chemoradiation and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-2 and who were cisplatin-ineligible were randomly assigned in 1:1 to either radiation alone or radiation with concurrent docetaxel 15 mg/m2 once weekly for a maximum of seven cycles. The primary end point was 2-year disease-free survival (DFS).RESULTS The study recruited 356 patients between July 2017 and May 2021. The 2-year DFS was 30.3% (95% CI, 23.6 to 37.4) versus 42% (95% CI, 34.6 to 49.2) in the RT and Docetaxel-RT arms, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.673; 95% CI, 0.521 to 0.868; P value =.002). The corresponding median overall survival (OS) was 15.3 months (95% CI, 13.1 to 22.0) and 25.5 months (95% CI, 17.6 to 32.5), respectively (log-rank P value =.035). The 2-year OS was 41.7% (95% CI, 34.1 to 49.1) versus 50.8% (95% CI, 43.1 to 58.1) in the RT and Docetaxel-RT arms, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.747; 95% CI, 0.569 to 0.980; P value =.035). There was a higher incidence of grade 3 or above mucositis (22.2% v 49.7%; P &lt;.001), odynophagia (33.5% v 52.5%; P &lt;.001), and dysphagia (33% v 49.7%; P =.002) with the addition of docetaxel.CONCLUSION The addition of docetaxel to radiation improved DFS and OS in cisplatin-ineligible patients with LAHNSCC.</p