Identifying relationships between upper extremity function and Army combat fitness test scores in the reserve \u27officers\u27 training corps population

Background: The United States Army is implementing the Holistic Health and Fitness program (H2F), intending to transform the Army\u27s culture of health and fitness. It aims to optimize soldier readiness by improving physical and non-physical performance, decreasing injury rates, and improving rehabilitation after injury. A part of that program includes replacing the current Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT) with the new Army Combat Fitness Test (ACFT). The ACFT consists of six functional events that gauge combat readiness. There is already established literature regarding injury epidemiology as it relates to the previous APFT, but little published work on the ACFT and any potential relationships Purpose: This study aimed to identify any potential relationships between upper extremity dysfunction and the Army Combat Fitness Test in the Reserve Officer Training Corps population. The hypothesis was that cadets who score higher on the ACFT would have better strength, range of motion measurements, and patient-reported outcome measurements. Methods: 11 ROTC Cadets (173.1 ± 10.8cm, 80.1 ± 11.3 kg) participated in the study. Participants completed patient-reported outcome forms (PENN, DASH, FABQ) before testing. Cervical and shoulder range of motion measurements as well as shoulder strength measurements were recorded. Cadets completed an ACFT during scheduled physical training hours, and scores were collected. A group independent variable was created grouping Cadets above or below the mean ACFT score. One-way ANOVA was used to determine between-group differences. Results: The mean ACFT score for the 11 total cadets was 434.34 ± 75.8 out of 600. Cadets scoring above the mean had greater right side strength measurements in External Rotation (mean difference = 3.8 kg, p = 0.018), Internal Rotation (mean difference = 2.2 kg, p = 0.021), and Abduction (mean difference = 2.8 kg, p = 0.028) and External Rotation (mean difference = 2.9 kg, p = 0.006), Internal Rotation (mean difference = 2.3 kg, p = 0.039) and Abduction (mean difference = 3.1 kg, p = 0.023) on the left. Serratus Anterior (mean difference = 2.4 kg, p = 0.029), Lower Trapezius (mean difference = 1.0 kg, p = 0.028), and Middle Trapezius (mean difference = 1.1 kg, p = 0.031) on their right sides and Serratus Anterior (mean difference = 3.0 kg, p = 0.007), Lower Trapezius (mean difference = 1.3 kg, p = 0.026) and Middle Trapezius (mean difference = 1.1kg, p = 0.039) on their left. There was especially high correlation between External Rotation Strength (r = 0.606). Statistical significance between group differences was not found in range of motion measurements or in the patient reported outcome measure scores. Conclusion and Practical Relevance: Cadets who scored above the mean on the ACFT had greater strength measures, with External Rotation showing a strong positive correlation with ACFT scores. Range of motion measurements and patient-reported outcome measure scores had little impact on ACFT performance. The results establish a link between shoulder strength and ACFT scores outcomes and create a foundation for future research regarding soldier fitness and strength training, leading to increased combat readiness, decreased injury rate, and improved overall effectiveness of the H2F program

Pinedale Glacial History of the Upper Arkansas River Valley: New Moraine Chronologies, Modeling Results and Geologic Mapping

This field trip guidebook chapter outlines the glacial history of the upper Arkansas River valley, Colorado, and builds on a previous GSA field trip to the same area in 2010. The following will be presented: (1) new cosmogenic 10Be exposure ages of moraine boulders from the Pinedale and Bull Lake glaciations (Marine Isotope Stages 2 and 6, respectively) located adjacent to the Twin Lakes Reservoir, (2) numerical modeling of glaciers during the Pinedale glaciation in major tributaries draining into the upper Arkansas River, (3) discharge estimates for glacial-lake outburst floods in the upper Arkansas River valley, and (4) 10Be ages on flood boulders deposited downvalley from the moraine sequences. This research was stimulated by a new geologic map of the Granite 7.5’ quadrangle, in which the mapping of surficial deposits was revised based in part on the interpretation of newly acquired LiDAR data and field investigations. The new 10Be ages of the Pinedale terminal moraine at Twin Lakes average 21.8 ± 0.7 ka (n=14), which adds to nearby Pinedale terminal moraine ages of 23.6 ± 1.4 ka (n=5), 20.5 ± 0.2 ka (n=3) and 16.6 ± 1.0 ka, and downvalley outburst flood terraces that date to 20.9 ± 0.9 ka (n=4) and 19.0 ± 0.6 ka (n=4). This growing chronology leads to improved understanding of the controls and timing of glaciation in the western U.S., the modeling of glacial-lake outburst flooding, and the reconstruction of paleo-temperature through glacier modeling

Trench logs from a strand of the Rock Valley Fault System, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada

The Rock Valley fault system trends northeasterly through the southeast corner of the Nevada Test Site. The system records left-lateral offset of Paleozoic and Tertiary rocks, although total offset amounts to only a few kilometers. Distinct scarps in alluvial deposits of Quaternary age and a concentration of seismicity, particularly at its north end, suggest that the Rock Valley fault system may be active. Two trenches were excavated by backhoe in 1978 across a 0.5-m-high scarp produced by a strand of the Rock Valley fault system. A detailed logging of the two Rock Valley fault trenches was undertaken during the spring of 1984. This report presents: (1) logs of both walls of the two trenches, (2) a general description of the lithologic units and the soils formed in these units that are exposed in and near the fault trenches, (3) observations of the clast fabric of unfaulted and faulted deposits exposed in the trench walls, and (4) a map of the surficial deposits in the vicinity of the trenches

A new species of Neospirifer from the lowermost Pennsylvanian in the Bird Spring group, Arrow Canyon, Clark County, Nevada /

Typescript.Thesis (B.S.) in Geology--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1984.Bibliography: leaves 24-25.U of I OnlyTheses restricted to UIUC community onl