Speed Control of BLDC Motor Using Microprocessor

This paper presents a method of speed control Brushless DC Motor (BLDC) using a microprocessor. Brushless DC motor plays a vital role in all applications such as ling fans, pumps, automotive drivers, and robotic Automations, and Many technologies are available in the motor from controlling the speed of the motor as per the designed applications. In this regard, for control of speed in a BLDC motor application, using Ardunio Board with PWM Technique be used Speed Control of BLDC motor with various Techniques such as using mobile applications,  100th based BMS from the mobile phone. Brushless DC motors (BLDC) find wide applications in industries due to their high power density and ease of control. These motors are generally controlled using a three-phase power semiconductor bridge. In order to start and provide a proper commutation sequence to turn on the power devices in the inverter bridge, the rotor position sensors are required. The power devices are commutated sequentially every 60 degrees based on the rotor position. The motor requires suitable speed controllers to achieve the desired level of performance. In the case of permanent magnet motors, speed control is usually achieved by using a proportional-integral (PI) controller. Although conventional PI controllers are widely used in the industry due to their simple control structure and ease of implementation, these controllers pose difficulties where there are some control complexities such as nonlinearity

Polyherbal Formulation Concept for Synergic Action: A Review

Formulations restrain 2 or more than 2 herbs are called polyherbal formulation. Drug formulation in Ayurveda is based on 2 principles: Use as a single drug and use of more than one drug. The last is known as polyherbal formulation. The idea of polyherbalism is peculiar to Ayurveda even though it is tricky to explain in term of modern parameters. The Ayurvedic literature Sarangdhar Samhita tinted the idea of polyherbalism to attain greater therapeutic efficacy. Polyherbal formulation has been used all around the earth due to its medicinal and therapeutic application. It has also recognized as polyherbal therapy or herb-herb combination. The active phytochemical constituents of individual plants are inadequate to attain the desirable therapeutic effects. When polyherbal and herbo-mineral formulations combining the multiple herbs in a meticulous ratio, it will give an enhanced therapeutic effect and decrease the toxicity. The active constituents used from individual plant are inadequate to provide attractive pharmacological action. There are evidences that crude plant extracts often have greater potency rather than isolated constituents. In traditional medicine whole plants or mixtures of plants are used rather than isolated compounds. Due to synergism, polyherbalism confers some benefits which are not accessible in single herbal formulations. Polyherbal formulations express high effectiveness in numerous diseases with safe high dose. Based on the nature of the interaction, there are 2 mechanisms on how synergism acts (i.e., pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic). In words of pharmacokinetic synergism, the capacity of herb to ease the absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination of the other herbs is focused. Pharmacodynamics synergism on the other hand, studies the synergistic effect when active constituents with similar therapeutic activity are targeted by diverse mechanism of action. The present review encompasses all the significant features of polyherbal formulation. Keywords: Polyherbal formulation, Ayurveda, Active constituents, Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokineti

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY A PATH FOR HORIZING YOUR INNOVATIVE WORK CRYPTOGRAPHY, STEGNOGRAPHY AND NETWORK SECURITIES

Abstract In any communication, security is the most important issue i

Comparison of random forest and support vector machine regression models for forecasting road accidents

One of the world’s concerns today is the rate of road traffic accidents (RTA). The overwhelming majority of these accidents occur in low and middle-income countries. RTA are one of the leading causes of death in Rwanda. RTA prediction is crucial for both transportation management and intelligent transportation systems (ITS) development. This paper adopted the use of two modelling techniques, Random forest (RF) and Support vector machine (SVM) for short-term road accident forecasting. The data used to evaluate the models was obtained from the Police. The lower error indices of MAE, MSE, RMSE and higher coefficient of determination (R2) were accuracy measures in comparing the models. The RF model performed better than the SVM model as it revealed higher R2=0.91 compared to the SVM model that was with R2=0.86. Machine learning methods are promising tools for the prediction of road accidents. Prediction positively influences safety enhancements and regulation formulation to prevent future accidents. The appropriate prediction method would help policymakers and healthcare providers adjust their contributions to the accident management process

Inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis dihydrodipicolinate synthase by alpha-ketopimelic acid and its other structural analogues

The Mycobacterium tuberculosis dihydrodipicolinate synthase (Mtb-dapA) is an essential gene. Mtb-DapA catalyzes the aldol condensation between pyruvate and L-aspartate-beta-semialdehyde (ASA) to yield dihydrodipicolinate. In this work we tested the inhibitory effects of structural analogues of pyruvate on recombinant Mtb-DapA (Mtb-rDapA) using a coupled assay with recombinant dihydrodipicolinate reductase (Mtb-rDapB). Alpha-ketopimelic acid (alpha-KPA) showed maximum inhibition of 88% and IC50 of 21 mu M in the presence of pyruvate (500 mu M) and ASA (400 mu M). Competition experiments with pyruvate and ASA revealed competition of alpha-KPA with pyruvate. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) data with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) showed that the relative abundance peak of final product, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate, was decreased by 50%. Thermal shift assays showed 1 degrees C Tm shift of Mtb-rDapA upon binding alpha-KPA. The 2.4 angstrom crystal structure of Mtb-rDapA-alpha-KPA complex showed the interaction of critical residues at the active site with alpha-KPA. Molecular dynamics simulations over 500 ns of pyruvate docked to Mtb-DapA and of alpha-KPA-bound Mtb-rDapA revealed formation of hydrogen bonds with pyruvate throughout in contrast to alpha-KPA. Molecular descriptors analysis showed that ligands with polar surface area of 91.7 angstrom(2) are likely inhibitors. In summary, alpha-hydroxypimelic acid and other analogues could be explored further as inhibitors of Mtb-DapA