SOCIAL NETWORKING SITE: AN EFFECTIVE TOOL FOR SECOND GENERATION E-GOVERNANCE

The emerging technological development in information and communication technology has opened a new gateway for the virtual form of communication in form of social networking sites. Now, there are a variety of online social media applications to enable communication between people, groups. The increasing popularity of these networking sites among all class of society has compelled to the government to think about use of this kind of model for providing SMART E-governance.The first phase of e-governance was merely intend towards web presence of public institutions and dissemination of information but with the passage of the time the expatiations of people from Government are keep changing and becoming more demanding in order to seek second phase of egovernance to get - on line-real time delivery of administration. The present paper makes an attempt to explore the relevance of social networking sites as an effective tool for e-governance in India.The paper seeks to provide a solution where by network sites could be used for solving various social and economical problems seen in Government machinery. The paper is descriptive in nature and would be helpful to the Government as well as people to insure second generation e-governance

CYBER CRIMES: A THREAT TO HUMANITY

Good and bad has co-existence since the beginning of the world. Where first one comprises all things which are essential for wellbeing of all whereas other ones connotes negativity. Unfortunately technology cannot be mention as an exception of this rule. The internet and its technologies has opened up many opportunities for all countries to develop their economies. On one hand our scientist, technocrats are using this advanced stream of science for betterment of all and to make India self-dependent and secure from attack of our enemies while on the other hand a very well structured groups (Independent or Nation sponsored) are also using these technologies as a tool to make INDIA weak and helpless.Cyber criminals perform various acts like cyber stalking, on-line harassment, on-line defamation, hacking, and so forth collectively we call it cybercrime. When these activities are managed by organized group systematically and deliberately we term it as CYBER TERRORISM. Cyber terrorism is a well-planned and organized use of technologies by cyber experts resides inside and outside the country for anti-national activities. Although our government is well capable to fight against such challenges it requires support, awareness and alertness from people.This paper highlights some of the basics of cyber terrorism. This paper further discusses about the threats of cyber terrorism and the present status of various cybercrimes in India. This paper aims at creating awareness on cybercrime and suggests check on cybercrime.

Acute leukemia after cytotoxic treatment in a child with nephrotic syndrome

Renal involvement in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) occurs due to several factors including leukemic infiltration of the kidneys, therapy-related side effects such as tumor lysis syndrome, nephrotoxic drugs, and septicemias. A 3-year-old boy with nephrotic syndrome (NS) who was previously treated with prednisolone and cyclosporine A for 14 months after the initial diagnosis of NS, presented to the emergency department with fever, breathing difficulty, generalized edema, and body pain with pallor, without evidence of lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, petechiae, or purpura. On investigation, peripheral blood smear showed blast cells >80% and bone marrow aspiration showed complete replacement of the marrow with L1 lymphoblasts, consistent with a diagnosis of ALL. The exact mechanism of developing acute leukemia after cytotoxic treatment has not been established; the possibility must be considered that the incidence of this malignant disease is increased after cytotoxic treatment for nonmalignant diseases

OncomiRdbB: a comprehensive database of microRNAs and their targets in breast cancer

Background: Given the estimate that 30% of our genes are controlled by microRNAs, it is essential that we understand the precise relationship between microRNAs and their targets. OncomiRs are microRNAs (miRNAs) that have been frequently shown to be deregulated in cancer. However, although several oncomiRs have been identified and characterized, there is as yet no comprehensive compilation of this data which has rendered it underutilized by cancer biologists. There is therefore an unmet need in generating bioinformatic platforms to speed the identification of novel therapeutic targets. Description: We describe here OncomiRdbB, a comprehensive database of oncomiRs mined from different existing databases for mouse and humans along with novel oncomiRs that we have validated in human breast cancer samples. The database also lists their respective predicted targets, identified using miRanda, along with their IDs, sequences, chromosome location and detailed description. This database facilitates querying by search strings including microRNA name, sequence, accession number, target genes and organisms. The microRNA networks and their hubs with respective targets at 3'UTR, 5'UTR and exons of different pathway genes were also deciphered using the 'R' algorithm. Conclusion: OncomiRdbB is a comprehensive and integrated database of oncomiRs and their targets in breast cancer with multiple query options which will help enhance both understanding of the biology of breast cancer and the development of new and innovative microRNA based diagnostic tools and targets of therapeutic significance

A STUDY ON PENETRATION OF DIGITAL PAYMENT SYSTEM IN SELECTED RURAL AREAS OF PRAYAGRAJ

World economy always being a cash driven economy and India is not an exception of it .With the advent of e-commerce and e-banking paradigm shift occur and as far as India is concerned,the announcement of demonetarization and later on pandemic act as a catalyst in moving India from cash to cashless economy.As India’s heart lies in rural areas so actual transformation can occur if this population can get aware about the digital payment.</jats:p

Analyzing the Impact of Financial Resilience on the Lives of Individuals and Household Post Covid-19 in Indian Economy

Purpose: Economic crisis is a global phenomenon. When the crisis hits, many people are affected. This paper is an attempt to analyze the impact of financial resilience on the lives of individuals and households. In this study we analyze what are common financial shocks that individuals can face and how they tend to cope with this and our recommendations.&#x0D; Methodology: Literature review and comparative study of consumption and consumer credit across diverse market.&#x0D; Main Findings: The intensity of the economic crisis may vary from one person to another, depending on the individual financial resilience. Some households are less resilient to financial shocks than others. This may be because they have low levels of savings, have limited access to affordable credit, already hold high levels of debt or lack the skills required to manage household budgets.&#x0D; Implications: Financial resilience is difficult to estimate because it is a dynamic concept – the ability to recover quickly from an income or expenditure shock. Savings are in anticipation to the challenges face which might hinder the achievement of financial goals, hence there is a scope for new saving/investment products which are more comprehensive in nature.&#x0D; Novelty: We over a period have witnessed that there is a social support to the society during economic crisis but what is required is organization resilience rather than developing personal capabilities. The resilience should go beyond financial vulnerabilities and encompass mental stability, emotional wellbeing, education attainment etc.</jats:p

LeukmiR: a database for miRNAs and their targets in acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Abstract Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is one of the most common hematological malignancies in children. Recent studies suggest the involvement of multiple microRNAs in the tumorigenesis of various leukemias. However, until now, no comprehensive database exists for miRNAs and their cognate target genes involved specifically in ALL. Therefore, we developed ‘LeukmiR’ a dynamic database comprising in silico predicted microRNAs, and experimentally validated miRNAs along with the target genes they regulate in mouse and human. LeukmiR is a user-friendly platform with search strings for ALL-associated microRNAs, their sequences, description of target genes, their location on the chromosomes and the corresponding deregulated signaling pathways. For the user query, different search modules exist where either quick search can be carried out using any fuzzy term or by providing exact terms in specific modules. All entries for both human and mouse genomes can be retrieved through multiple options such as miRNA ID, their accession number, sequence, target genes, Ensemble-ID or Entrez-ID. User can also access miRNA: mRNA interaction networks in different signaling pathways, the genomic location of the targeted regions such as 3′UTR, 5′UTR and exons with their gene ontology and disease ontology information in both human and mouse systems. Herein, we also report 51 novel microRNAs which are not described earlier for ALL. Thus, LeukmiR database will be a valuable source of information for researchers to understand and investigate miRNAs and their targets with diagnostic and therapeutic potential in ALL. Database URL: http://tdb.ccmb.res.in/LeukmiR/</jats:p

Y chromosomal noncoding RNAs regulate autosomal gene expression via piRNAs in mouse testis

ABSTRACTMajority of the genes expressed during spermatogenesis are autosomal. Mice with different deletions of Yq show sub-fertility, sterility and sperm abnormalities. The connection between Yq deletion and autosomal gene regulation is not well understood. We describe a novel mouse Yq-derived long noncoding RNA,Pirmy, which shows unprecedented number of splice variants in testis. Further,Pirmytranscript variants act as templates for several piRNAs. We identified ten differentially expressed autosome-encoded sperm proteins in mutant mice.Pirmytranscript variants have homology to 5’/3’UTRs of these deregulated autosomal genes. Thus, subfertility in Y-deleted mice appears to be a polygenic phenomenon that is partially regulated epistatically by the Y-chromosome. Our study provides novel insights into possible role of MSY-derived ncRNAs in male fertility and reproduction. Finally, sperm phenotypes from the Y-deleted mice seem to be similar to that reported in inter-specific male-sterile hybrids. Taken together, this study provides novel insights into possible role of Y-derived ncRNAs in male sterility and speciation.</jats:p

Y chromosomal noncoding RNAs regulate autosomal gene expression via piRNAs in mouse testis

Abstract Background Deciphering the functions of Y chromosome in mammals has been slow owing to the presence of repeats. Some of these repeats transcribe coding RNAs, the roles of which have been studied. Functions of the noncoding transcripts from Y chromosomal repeats however, remain unclear. While a majority of the genes expressed during spermatogenesis are autosomal, mice with different deletions of the long arm of the Y chromosome (Yq) were previously also shown to be characterized by subfertility, sterility and sperm abnormalities, suggesting the presence of effectors of spermatogenesis at this location. Here we report a set of novel noncoding RNAs from mouse Yq and explore their connection to some of the autosomal genes expressed in testis. Results We describe a set of novel mouse male-specific Y long arm (MSYq)-derived long noncoding (lnc) transcripts, named Pirmy and Pirmy-like RNAs. Pirmy shows a large number of splice variants in testis. We also identified Pirmy-like RNAs present in multiple copies at different loci on mouse Y chromosome. Further, we identified eight differentially expressed autosome-encoded sperm proteins in a mutant mouse strain, XYRIIIqdel (2/3 Yq-deleted). Pirmy and Pirmy-like RNAs have homology to 5′/3′UTRs of these deregulated autosomal genes. Several lines of experiments show that these short homologous stretches correspond to piRNAs. Thus, Pirmy and Pirmy-like RNAs act as templates for several piRNAs. In vitro functional assays reveal putative roles for these piRNAs in regulating autosomal genes. Conclusions Our study elucidates a set of autosomal genes that are potentially regulated by MSYq-derived piRNAs in mouse testis. Sperm phenotypes from the Yq-deleted mice seem to be similar to that reported in inter-specific male-sterile hybrids. Taken together, this study provides novel insights into possible role of MSYq-derived ncRNAs in male sterility and speciation. </jats:sec