1,770 research outputs found

    Computing Multiplicative Order and Primitive Root in Finite Cyclic Group

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    Multiplicative order of an element aa of group GG is the least positive integer nn such that an=ea^n=e, where ee is the identity element of GG. If the order of an element is equal to ∣G∣|G|, it is called generator or primitive root. This paper describes the algorithms for computing multiplicative order and primitive root in Zp∗\mathbb{Z}^*_{p}, we also present a logarithmic improvement over classical algorithms.Comment: 8 page

    GCD Computation of n Integers

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    Greatest Common Divisor (GCD) computation is one of the most important operation of algorithmic number theory. In this paper we present the algorithms for GCD computation of nn integers. We extend the Euclid's algorithm and binary GCD algorithm to compute the GCD of more than two integers.Comment: RAECS 201

    Polarization observables in elastic electron deuteron scattering including parity and time reversal violating contributions

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    The general formalism for polarization observables in elastic electron deuteron scattering is extended to incorporate parity and time reversal violating contributions. Parity violating effects arise from the interference of γ\gamma and ZZ exchange as well as from the hadronic sector via a small parity violating component in the deuteron. In addition we have allowed for time reversal invariance violating contributions in the hadronic sector. Formal expressions for the additional structure functions are derived, and their decomposition into the various multipole contributions are given explicitly.Comment: 34 pages Revte

    Flexibility between market-led and government-led economies

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    The 1997-98 East Asia financial crisis has raised doubts over the roles of two economic-systems: market-led and government-led economies. This paper deliberates on the two opposing economic systems: the choice of which are continually debated. There is a need for governments to look at economic flexibility and determine whether the countries affected by the financial crisis could reposition themselves fast enough. More specifically, this paper evaluates the performance of government-led economies such as those in Malaysia,Singapore, Thailand, Philippines, and Indonesia when compared to marketled economies as practised in the United Kingdom, United States, and Japan.A compilation of an index method based on Angresano (1996) consisting of the quantitative performance measure for an identified country was computed over the average period 1980-2003. The findings of this study suggest that the approaches to a market-led or government-led economy is a matter of degree and are not mutually exclusive

    THE EFFECT OF COMBINATIONS OF ORGANIC MATERIALS AND BIOFERTILISERS ON PRODUCTIVITY, GRAIN QUALITY, NUTRIENT UPTAKE AND ECONOMICS IN ORGANIC FARMING OF WHEAT

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    Organic farming often has to deal with a scarcity of readily available nutrients, and this is in contrast to chemical farming which relies on soluble fertilisers. The present study was conducted to ascertain the effect of different combinations of organic manures, rice residues and biofertilisers in organic farming of wheat. The field experiments were carried out on the research farm of Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi in 2006-07 and 2007-08. Treatments consisted of a control (no fertiliser) and six fertiliser treatments, namely, farmyard manure (FYM), vermicompost (VC), FYM + rice residue (RR), VC + RR, FYM + RR + biofertilisers (B), and VC + RR + B. FYM and VC were applied on nitrogen basis (60 kg ha-1), whereas RR was applied at 6 t ha-1. For biofertilisers, Azotobacter, cellulolytic culture (CC) and phosphate solubilising bacteria (PSB) were used. The combinations of FYM + RR + B and VC + RR + B resulted in the highest increased growth and yield attributing characters of wheat and increased grain yield of wheat over the control by 81% and 89% (Year 1 & Year 2), and net return by 82% and 73%. These combinations were significantly superior to all other combinations for all the growth and yield parameters, yield, net profit and grain quality of wheat. The results of this study show that VC + RR + B was the most productive treatment, while FYM + RR + B was the most economical treatment with respect to increasing net profit. This was because of the higher price of vermicompost compared with FYM. Both of these combinations resulted in improved grain quality and nutrient uptake by grain. The present study thus indicates that a combination of FYM + RR + biofertilisers or VC + RR + biofertilisers hold promise for organic wheat farming

    High Resolution Observations of GRB 030329

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    The nearby (z=0.1685) gamma-ray burst of 29 March 2003 has presented us with a unique opportunity to study an event with unprecedented physical resolution. This burst reached flux density levels at centimeter wavelengths more than 50 times brighter than any previously studied event. Here we present the results of VLBI observations that have resolved the radio afterglow, and constrain its proper motion in the sky to <0.3 mas. The size of the afterglow is measured to be ~0.08 mas 24 days after the burst, consistent with expectations of the standard fireball model. In observations taken 51 days after the burst we detect an additional compact, "jet", component at a distance from the main component of 0.28 ± 0.05 mas. The presence of this jet component is not consistent with the standard model

    Machine Learning and Pattern Recognition

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    Learning is needed when there is no human expertise existing or when human beings are unable to explain their expertise. In such a situation, one simply collects all the possible previous information, analyse it and then make a rule for future prediction or taking meaningful decision. When we plan to conclude such a work with the help of a computer by providing it ample amount of data and our past experience with tools and techniques, then the whole process becomes machine learning. Hence, machine learning can be defined as programming computers to optimise a performance criterion using example data and past experience. For example, recognition of spoken speech is being done by human beings seemingly without any difficulty, but cannot explain how they do it.Defence Science Journal, 2010, 60(4), pp.345-347, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.60.50
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