Excited state tautomerization of 7-azaindole in a 1:1 complex with δ-valerolactam: a comparative study with the homodimer

A comparative analysis for relative stability between normal and tautomeric forms in the excited electronic states of 7-azaindole···δ-valerolactam 1:1 complex and 7-azaindole homodimer has been presented. The tautomeric configuration of the complex is estimated to be ∼6 kcal/mol more stable than normal form, and the same for homodimer appears to be ∼10 kcal/mol. Consistent with these estimates both the complex and homodimer undergo facile double proton transfer tautomerization upon UV excitation in hydrocarbon solutions (Chou; et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7259). However, we notice that such similarity in photophysical behavior of the two hydrogen-bonded systems is lost completely in a cold supersonic jet expansion. The jet-cooled homodimer emits only the tautomer fluorescence in the visible spectral region, but the complex emits exclusively from the locally excited state in ultraviolet. We have interpreted this contrast by arguing that the effective barrier for excited state double proton exchange tautomerization of the complex is larger compared to that of the homodimer, and the difference originates because of asymmetric nature of the two hydrogen bonds of the complex

Excited state tautomerization of 7-azaindole catalyzed by pyrazole

Pyrazole, a five member cyclic azole, is reported here as an efficient catalyst for excited state tautomeric conversion of 7-azaindole. In hydrocarbon solution the two compounds efficiently form a doubly hydrogen-bonded 1:1 cyclic complex whose association constant value is found comparable with 7-azaindole dimerization constant, and according to B3LYP/6-311G++∗∗ calculation the binding energies of the complex and dimer are nearly same. In the excited state (S1), the TDDFT calculation predicts tautomer of the complex to be 13.4 kcal/mol more stable than normal form. Fluorescence spectra reveal that upon UV excitation the complex emits exclusively from the tautomeric form

Inhibition of light-induced tautomerization of 7-azaindole by phenol: indications of proton-coupled electron/energy transfer quenching

The photophysical behavior of a 1:1 complex between phenol and 7-azaindole (7AI) has been investigated in methylcyclohexane solutions at temperatures in the range of 27 to −50 °C. A linear Benesi−Hildebrand plot associated with changes in absorbance of the complex with phenol concentration in the solutions ensures 1:1 stoichiometry of the produced complex. Our estimate for the value of the association constant (K<SUB>a</SUB>) of the complex is ∼120 M<SUP>-1</SUP> at 27 °C, and it is nearly twice compared to that for 1:1 complex between 7AI and ethanol measured under the same condition. The complexation results in dramatic quenching of the normal fluorescence of 7AI and the process is accelerated upon lowering of temperature. The measured spectra show no indication that phenol promotes tautomerization of 7AI in the excited state. We have argued that the hydrogen bonding between pyridinic N and phenolic O−H (N···O−H) is a vital structural factor responsible for quenching of 7AI fluorescence, and this idea has been corroborated by showing that under same condition the fluorescence of 7AI is enhanced in the presence of anisole. As a plausible mechanism of quenching, we have invoked a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) process between phenol and excited 7AI, which outweighs the competing tautomerization process. An analysis in terms of Remm−Weller model reveals that the PCET process involving phenol and excited 7AI could be energetically favorable (ΔG<SUB>ET</SUB><SUP>0</SUP> &#60; 0). An alternative mechanism, where quenching can occur via electronic energy transfer from the excited protonated 7AI to phenoxide ion, following a proton transfer along the N···O−H hydrogen bond, is also discussed

EXCITED STATE DYNAMICS OF 7-AZAINDOLE HOMODIMER IN FROZEN NITROGEN MATRIX

Author Institution: Physical Chemistry Department, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, IndiaIn a fluid medium (liquid or gas), the doubly hydrogen bonded dimer of 7-azaindole (7AI) undergoes tautomerization via simultaneous exchange of two H-atoms/protons between the two moieties upon UV excitation to lowest excited singlet state. The excited dimer emits exclusively visible fluorescence from tautomeric configuration, and no UV fluorescence is detected from the locally excited state. We show here for the first time that this generic excited state dynamics of 7AI dimer is totally altered if the species is synthesized and confined in frozen nitrogen at 8 K. The dimer has been found to emit only from the locally excited state, and the photophysical channel leading to excited state tautomerization is completely blocked. The formation of the centrosymmetric dimer in nitrogen matrix is ensured by recording the FTIR spectrum of the dimer before initiating the photophysical measurements. The details of our findings and interpretation of the measured data will be presented in the talk

Post COVID sequelae among COVID-19 survivors: insights from the Indian National Clinical Registry for COVID-19

Introduction The effects of COVID-19 infection persist beyond the active phase. Comprehensive description and analysis of the post COVID sequelae in various population groups are critical to minimise the long-term morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19. This analysis was conducted with an objective to estimate the frequency of post COVID sequelae and subsequently, design a framework for holistic management of post COVID morbidities.Methods Follow-up data collected as part of a registry-based observational study in 31 hospitals across India since September 2020–October 2022 were used for analysis. All consenting hospitalised patients with COVID-19 are telephonically followed up for up to 1 year post-discharge, using a prestructured form focused on symptom reporting.Results Dyspnoea, fatigue and mental health issues were reported among 18.6%, 10.5% and 9.3% of the 8042 participants at first follow-up of 30–60 days post-discharge, respectively, which reduced to 11.9%, 6.6% and 9%, respectively, at 1-year follow-up in 2192 participants. Patients who died within 90 days post-discharge were significantly older (adjusted OR (aOR): 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.03), with at least one comorbidity (aOR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.31, 2.35), and a higher proportion had required intensive care unit admission during the initial hospitalisation due to COVID-19 (aOR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.08, 2.06) and were discharged at WHO ordinal scale 6–7 (aOR: 49.13 95% CI: 25.43, 94.92). Anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (at least one dose) was protective against such post-discharge mortality (aOR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.03).Conclusion Hospitalised patients with COVID-19 experience a variety of long-term sequelae after discharge from hospitals which persists although in reduced proportions until 12 months post-discharge. Developing a holistic management framework with engagement of care outreach workers as well as teleconsultation is a way forward in effective management of post COVID morbidities as well as reducing mortality