Report of Dictyla cheriani (Hemiptera: Tingidae) on Indian cherry (Cordia myxa) in Rajasthan, India: Incidence and morphometric analysis

The infestation of Dictyla cheriani (Drake) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) on Indian cherry (Cordia myxa L.), was noticed in 2010 at the Experimental Farm of Central Institute for Arid Horticulture and other fields of Bikaner district, Rajasthan, India. The maximum incidence was observed in October (51.67% on bold and 76.67% on small seeded plants) and minimum was in January (11.67% on bold and 21.67% on small seeded plants). The number of this lace bug ranged between (0.5 to 8.8 on bold and 4.5 to 25.97 on small seeded plants) nymphs and adults per leaves. This species is characterised by body oblong, pale testaceous with brownish or fuscous markings, with collar and hood yellowish brown, body beneath reddish dark with thoracic sterna darker. Antenna is yellowish brown; 1/3 part of 4 segment blackish. Antenna is rather slender, segmental measurements: I, 0.12 mm; II, 0.09 mm; III, 0.80 mm; IV, 0.22 mm. The mean body lengths of the male and female adult vary and were recorded as 2.17 mm and 2.34 mm, respectively

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Not AvailableEntomology is a biological science dealing with a specific group of organism, the insects. Insect constitute the largest class of the whole living organism. The general understanding of the subject of entomology is must and till date though there is lot of literature and reviews available, enormous effort is required to arrive at correct conclusions. So this way, I have tried to put my level best to put the information in the book related every aspect of competitive examination of entomology. This book has been prepared on the persistent demand of the student who to require themselves to adopt entomology as a professional carrier. This book furnishes a detailed account of basic as well as applied entomology, agriculture and statistics. The book provides an outline of various aspects of the science of entomology and agriculture in object and written question-answer form. The objective and written questions have been designed so as to expose the student to all the important competitive examination of entomology. The book would have useful to students’ preparation for various competitive examinations conducted by Indian Council of Agricultural Research (JRF), Agricultural Scientific Recruitment Board (ARS/NET), National Academy of Agricultural Research Management (SRF), Indian Agricultural Research Institute (Ph. D entrance), University Grant Commission, State Agricultural Universities (Pre-PG, Ph. D. entrance), Union Public Service Commission, other agencies and also useful to teachers to keep them abreast with recent developments in entomology and guide their students to a better future.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableEntomology is a biological science dealing with a specific group of organism, the insects. Insect constitute the largest class of the whole living organism. The general understanding of the subject of entomology is must and till date though there is lot of literature and reviews available, enormous effort is required to arrive at correct conclusions. So this way, I have tried to put my level best to put the information in the book related every aspect of competitive examination of entomology. This book has been prepared on the persistent demand of the student who to require themselves to adopt entomology as a professional carrier.This book furnishes a detailed account of basic as well as applied entomology and statistics. The book provides an outline of various aspects of the science of entomology written question-answer form. The written questions have been designed so as to expose the student to all the important competitive examination of entomology. The book would have useful to students’ preparation for various competitive examinations conducted by Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Agricultural Scientific Recruitment Board (ARS/NET), National Academy of Agricultural Research Management (SRF), Indian Agricultural Research Institute (Ph. D entrance), Union Public Service Commission, other agencies and also useful to teachers to keep them abreast with recent developments in entomology and guide their students to a better future.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableIn the present investigation, different tissues such as flower bud, foliage, barks, and roots of Calligonum polygonoides (commonly known as Phog) were analyzed for natural antioxidants such as total phenolics, flavonoid, and in-vitro total antioxidant activity and compared with clove (Syzygium aromaticum), a maximum phenolic containing plant, reported till date. It was also investigated to determine their correlation with the antioxidant activity of the extracts. All plant tissues are highly rich in natural antioxidant compounds and values were almost similar or higher than clove with some context i.e. bark tissue. Total phenolic content in different tissues varied from 13437 (flower bud) to 34284 mg GAE/100g DW (Bark) while clove posses 25747 mg GAE/100g. The flavonoid content ranged from 2059 to 5350 mg Ct.E/100g of all plant tissues was also higher than clove (1352 mg Ct.E/100g). As all these parameters are highly correlated to each other with correlation coefficient value of >0.9, thus almost similar pattern for in-vitro antioxidant activities was observed. These results on phenolics and flavonoid content were compared with two International phenolic databases (i) Phenol-Explorer database and (ii) USDA Database for the flavonoid content of selected foods. Nonetheless, none of the database reported the 'phog' as one of the richest source of natural antioxidant compound including phenolics, flavonoids and in-vitro antioxidant activity, till date.Therefore, we are proposing first report on natural antioxidant content of C. polygonoides. As per phenol-explorer database, clove ranked 1 with 11320 to 24390 mg GAE/100g total phenolic content however, phog bark possesed higher total phenolics than clove i.e. 34284 mg GAE/100g while phog root, foliage and flower buds with 25607, 15197 and 13447 mg GAE/100g posses little lesser total phenolics than clove but higher than any other reported plants. As the phog flower bud is edible part, the natural antioxidant production potential of this plant may create wonder in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industry.Not Availabl

Pest status of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) in arid regions of India: a review

Date Palm tree (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is considered one of the fruit trees that belong to Palmaceae. The genus consists of fourteen species distributed in the tropical and sub-tropical regions. Many arthropod species are known as pests of the date palm throughout the World. Its reported on more than 50 species of insects and mites as pests of date palms in worldwide. In which, approximately 25% of these species of insects and mites are considered serious pests. In India, the main pests are white scale, Parlatoria blanchardii; lesser date moth, Batrachedra amydraula; red palm weevil (coconut weevil), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus; rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros, great date moth, Arenipses sabella, Alternaria leaf spot, Alternaria alternate, fruit rot, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium wilt, Fusarium oxysporum and they are well adapted to the oasis environment, have been reported to cause serious losses to date palm. Date palm scale is very serious on young palms between two to eight years of age, but even under severe attacks, the palm and its offshoots do not die. The scale insect was observed as major pests in all the orchards in mild to severe form ranging from 1.10 cm² at Dantore to 18.77 cm² at Bikaner. Lesser date moth is an important insect pest of date palm infesting fruits. The lesser date moth is second major pest of date palm in Rajasthan and the incidence of this pest was around 16 to 35 %. Fruit rot disease incidence was recorded during survey program from 10.0 and 30.5% in Bajju and Bikaner, respectively. Alternaria leaf spot disease incidence was noticed in KVK, Fatehpur (Rajasthan) up to 45.50%

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Abstract in XIV ASCClimate change has become one of the biggest challenges for the sustainable crop production. Prolonged droughts and desertification are the major issues faced by Indian hot arid zone where rural poor and smallholders are most heavily affected. Therefore, the crops which can withstand to such conditions like; drought, high temperatures and poor soils need more emphasis. Cactus crops are gaining increasing interest across the globe, in particular cactus pear or prickly pear (Opuntia ficus indica (L) Mill.) because of its unique characteristics which provide resilience to the harsh ecological conditions. Cactus pear can be grown on land where no other crops are able to grow; it can be used to restore degraded land. It is the only crop that can be relied on when everything else fails. Even today cactus pear is treated as underutilized crop in India, though it has multiple utility. Cactus cladode is rich in pectin, mucilage, minerals, polyphenols, nicotiflorin, vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids and amino acids. Cactus nopal pulp has numerous compounds (dietary fibre, vitamin C, phenolic compounds) with the potential to provide important benefits like intestinal, cardiovascular, hepatic health, antioxidant activity and cancer prevention.Recently micropropagation technique of spine-less, vegetable type cactus pear (nopal cactus) was standardized by ICAR - Central Institute for Arid Horticulture (ICAR-CIAH), Bikaner and its evaluation was done under field conditions. Further several value added and culinary products such as fruit, squash of fruit, pickle, ready to serve drinks, colour from fruit and cochineal, cladodes for culinary and salad based on fruits and nopales/cladodes were explored and demonstrated to several beneficiaries from nopal at ICAR-CIAH, Bikaner for making this crop more remunerative. Now-a-days, it is parts of kitchen gardens in arid and semi-arid regions due to nutritional and medicinal properties.Not Availabl

Population Dynamics of Lemon Butterfly (Papilio demoleus) in Bael [Aegle marmelos] as Influenced by Abiotic Factors in Arid

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Not AvailableFour different muskmelon production systems (two conventional, one conventional IPM, and one organic IPM) were compared in field experiments at the Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Bikaner for two years. The organic IPM system proved to be the most effective and economical approach (B: C ratio 8.80:1) against melon aphid (Aphis gossypii), leaf eating caterpillar (Diaphania indica), hadda beetle (Epilachna vigintiopunctata) and cucurbit fruit fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae) in which the lowest incidence was recorded as compared to other modules. The organic IPM module-III comprised of growing resistant genotype (RM-50), spray of neem oil at 20 DAS, installation of pheromone trap (10/ hectare) at 42 DAS, spray of tumba fruit extract (TFE 5%) at 50 DAS and spray of spinosad 46 SC at 60 DAS was the most effective. The conventional I (farmer’s practices) was the second most effective system against major pests during both years. The benefit-cost ratio of the tested muskmelon production systems in the control of insect-pests decreased in the following order: module-III (B: C ratio 8.80:1)> module-I (B: C ratio 7.74:1)> module-IV (B: C ratio 6.60:1)> module-II (B: C ratio 3.56:1).Not Availabl