Associations of dimensions of anger with distress following traumatic bereavement

Objective: A prior study with people exposed to a traumatic event indicated that posttraumatic anger is a multidimensional construct that consists of five factors comprising anger at (a) the criminal justice system, (b) other people, (c) the self, and (d) a perpetrator and (e) a desire for revenge. Preliminary evidence shows that anger at the self and perpetrators is related to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Expanding the focus from trauma victims to people exposed to a traumatic loss of a significant other, for example, due to road traffic accidents, may enhance our knowledge on factors that are amenable to change in the treatment of prolonged grief disorder (PGD) and PTSD. Method: We examined the (a) factor structure of the 20-item Posttraumatic Anger Questionnaire in 209 Dutch people bereaved by road traffic accidents using confirmatory factor analysis and (b) associations between the posttraumatic anger factors and PGD and PTSD using structural equation models. Results: The expected five-factor structure of the Posttraumatic Anger Questionnaire was supported. Anger at the self was related to greater PGD (β =.35) and PTSD (β=.50) symptoms over and above known risk factors of distress. A desire for revenge (β =.20) was uniquely and positively associated with PTSD symptoms. Conclusion: Pending replication of our findings in longitudinal studies, we conclude that anger subtypes relate differently to distress after traumatic loss. Anger toward the self seems the most detrimental type of anger and may therefore be an important target in treatment</p

Associations of Dimensions of Anger With Distress Following Traumatic Bereavement

Objective: A prior study with people exposed to a traumatic event indicated that posttraumatic anger is a multidimensional construct that consists of five factors comprising anger at (a) the criminal justice system, (b) other people, (c) the self, and (d) a perpetrator and (e) a desire for revenge. Preliminary evidence shows that anger at the self and perpetrators is related to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Expanding the focus from trauma victims to people exposed to a traumatic loss of a significant other, for example, due to road traffic accidents, may enhance our knowledge on factors that are amenable to change in the treatment of prolonged grief disorder (PGD) and PTSD. Method: We examined the (a) factor structure of the 20-item Posttraumatic Anger Questionnaire in 209 Dutch people bereaved by road traffic accidents using confirmatory factor analysis and (b) associations between the posttraumatic anger factors and PGD and PTSD using structural equation models. Results: The expected five-factor structure of the Posttraumatic Anger Questionnaire was supported. Anger at the self was related to greater PGD (β =.35) and PTSD (β=.50) symptoms over and above known risk factors of distress. A desire for revenge (β =.20) was uniquely and positively associated with PTSD symptoms. Conclusion: Pending replication of our findings in longitudinal studies, we conclude that anger subtypes relate differently to distress after traumatic loss.</p

Identifying the key characteristics of a culturally safe mental health service for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples: A qualitative systematic review protocol

Background Mental health inequities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations are well documented. There is growing recognition of the role that culturally safety plays in achieving equitable outcomes. However, a clear understanding of the key characteristics of culturally safe mental health care is currently lacking. This protocol outlines a qualitative systematic review that aims to identify the key characteristics of culturally safe mental health care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, at the individual, service, and systems level. This knowledge will improve the cultural safety of mental health care provided to Indigenous peoples, with a focus on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia. Methods and expected outputs Through a review of academic, grey, and cultural literature, we will identify the key characteristics of culturally safe mental health care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia. We will consider the characteristics of culturally safe care at the individual practitioner, service, and systems levels. Prospero registration number CRD42021258724

Identifying the key characteristics of a culturally safe mental health service for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples: A qualitative systematic review protocol.

BackgroundMental health inequities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations are well documented. There is growing recognition of the role that culturally safety plays in achieving equitable outcomes. However, a clear understanding of the key characteristics of culturally safe mental health care is currently lacking. This protocol outlines a qualitative systematic review that aims to identify the key characteristics of culturally safe mental health care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, at the individual, service, and systems level. This knowledge will improve the cultural safety of mental health care provided to Indigenous peoples, with a focus on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia.Methods and expected outputsThrough a review of academic, grey, and cultural literature, we will identify the key characteristics of culturally safe mental health care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia. We will consider the characteristics of culturally safe care at the individual practitioner, service, and systems levels.Prospero registration numberCRD42021258724

Safety During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Learnings and Crisis Principles from Aboriginal Elders, Aboriginal Organisations and Aboriginal Communities.

Strengths of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities and organisations were seen during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the pandemic also raised issues relating to equity, equality, and ethical decision-making, indicating the need for Aboriginal community-based research to gain a better understanding of the pandemic’s impact. Using Aboriginal Participatory Action Research (APAR) and yarning circles, a team of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal researchers conducted six workshops with 44 participants explored the experiences and perspectives of urban and rural Aboriginal Elders, community members and organisations in Western Australia. We aimed to learn about relevant cultural principles which were or weren’t applied to crisis management protocols during the pandemic, and their impact on community resilience. A thematic analysis of yarning discussions revealed the complexity of ethical decision-making occurring at individual, community, and organisational levels, recognising the need for crisis management to be evaluative, versatile, and to incorporate diverse voices, knowledges, and practices. The interaction of diverse factors and processes led to many participants experiencing fear as the pandemic amplified disruptions to various services and basic needs. At the same time, participants shared stories of resilience and adaptation grounded in protecting one another and sharing ways for circumventing negative and inequitable experiences. The findings demonstrate that the complexities of historical and contemporary Australia’s colonial practices share similar characteristics with COVID-19 restrictions that brought up memories from the past. There is a need for greater collaboration with communities and community-based organisations in crisis planning and response to mitigate foreseen risks and empower communities to have self-determination during public health emergencies. We offer practical suggestions and principles to be used to inform Government and other stakeholders working with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities during future emergencies

Characterizing and demonstrating the role of Klebsiella SSN1 exopolysaccharide in osmotic stress tolerance using neutron radiography

Abstract Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are organic macromolecules naturally secreted by many microorganisms. EPS is increasingly used for agriculture and industrial purposes. This study focuses on isolate Klebsiella pneumonia SSN1, Klebsiella quasipeumonniae SGM81 isolated from rhizosphere to explore its water retention efficiency under drought conditions. Neutron Radiography was used to visualise water distribution in the sand under normal and drought conditions in the presence and absence of EPS producing bacteria. The EPS production was studied by applying Box Behnken design (BBD) under drought stress which was artificially induced by using polyethene glycol 6000 under osmotic stress condition 3.65% w/v of EPS dry weight was obtained. The relative water content (RWC) is used to calculate the amount of water present in the sand and was further studied by Neutron Radiography imaging with appropriate controls. FTIR and HPLC were also carried out for the characterisation of the extracted EPS. The sand experiments revealed that after 24 h of evaporation, the highest RWC was maintained by SSN1 at 29.7% compared to SGM81 (19.06%). SSN1 was found to release L-arabinose as the main sugar of its EPS under drought stress conditions by HPLC method. The FTIR data indicated the presence of β-glucans and polysaccharide α-pyranose between wavenumber 700 cm−1–1500 cm−1 and 1017 cm−1–1200 cm−1 respectively. The HPLC characterization of extracted EPS from osmotic stressed cells (run 3) displayed a peak designated to L-arabinose at 10.3 retention time (RT) for 132.4 mM concentration. While from run 5 with the controlled condition indicated the presence of L-rhamnose at 7.3 RT for 87 mM concentration. Neutron radiography enables the visualisation of water distribution in the sand as well as water transport in root-soil systems in situ. SSN1 has elicited EPS production in drought conditions with a low level of nitrogen and carbon