宝物集と三国伝記 : 玄棟は一巻本宝物集を見ていた

宝物集は一巻本、三巻本、七巻本の順に著者自身が増広していった。一巻本は唯一書陵部所蔵の残欠本が存在するのみである。今回玄棟の書いた三国伝記が宝物集一巻本を典拠に使っていることを発見した。これによって一巻本の欠損以前の姿が想像でき、かつ一巻本が流布したことがわかった。この発見は今後の宝物集研究の貴重な指標になると思われる

Estimating fine age structure and time trends in human contact patterns from coarse contact data: the Bayesian rate consistency model

Since the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), many contact surveys have been conducted to measure changes in human interactions in the face of the pandemic and non-pharmaceutical interventions. These surveys were typically conducted longitudinally, using protocols that differ from those used in the pre-pandemic era. We present a model-based statistical approach that can reconstruct contact patterns at 1-year resolution even when the age of the contacts is reported coarsely by 5 or 10-year age bands. This innovation is rooted in population-level consistency constraints in how contacts between groups must add up, which prompts us to call the approach presented here the Bayesian rate consistency model. The model incorporates computationally efficient Hilbert Space Gaussian process priors to infer the dynamics in age- and gender-structured social contacts and is designed to adjust for reporting fatigue in longitudinal surveys. We demonstrate on simulations the ability to reconstruct contact patterns by gender and 1-year age interval from coarse data with adequate accuracy and within a fully Bayesian framework to quantify uncertainty. We investigate the patterns of social contact data collected in Germany from April to June 2020 across five longitudinal survey waves. We reconstruct the fine age structure in social contacts during the early stages of the pandemic and demonstrate that social contacts rebounded in a structured, non-homogeneous manner. We also show that by July 2020, social contact intensities remained well below pre-pandemic values despite a considerable easing of non-pharmaceutical interventions. This model-based inference approach is open access, computationally tractable enabling full Bayesian uncertainty quantification, and readily applicable to contemporary survey data as long as the exact age of survey participants is reported.Comment: 39 pages, 16 figure

Continuous cultivation of photosynthetic microorganisms: approaches, applications and future trends

The possibility of using photosynthetic microorganisms, such as cyanobacteria and microalgae, for converting light and carbon dioxide into valuable biochemical products has raised the need for new cost-efficient processes ensuring a constant product quality. Food, feed, biofuels, cosmetics and pharmaceutics are among the sectors that can profit from the application of photosynthetic microorganisms. Biomass growth in a photobioreactor is a complex process influenced by multiple parameters, such as photosynthetic light capture and attenuation, nutrient uptake, photobioreactor hydrodynamics and gas-liquid mass transfer. In order to optimize productivity while keeping a standard product quality, a permanent control of the main cultivation parameters is necessary, where the continuous cultivation has shown to be the best option. However it is of utmost importance to recognize the singularity of continuous cultivation of cyanobacteria and microalgae due to their dependence on light availability and intensity. In this sense, this review provides comprehensive information on recent breakthroughs and possible future trends regarding technological and process improvements in continuous cultivation systems of microalgae and cyanobacteria, that will directly affect cost-effectiveness and product quality standardization. An overview of the various applications, techniques and equipment (with special emphasis on photobioreactors) in continuous cultivation of microalgae and cyanobacteria are presented. Additionally, mathematical modelling, feasibility, economics as well as the applicability of continuous cultivation into large-scale operation, are discussed.This research work was supported by the grant SFRH/BPD/98694/2013 (Bruno Fernandes) from Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (Portugal). The authors thank the FCT Strategic Project PEst-OE/EQB/LA0023/2013. The authors also thank the Project "BioInd Biotechnology and Bioengineering for improved Industrial and Agro-Food processes, REF. NORTE-07-0124-FEDER-000028" Co-funded by the Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (ON.2-O Novo Norte), QREN, FEDE

Deformation under the constant stress state and its effect on stress-strain behaviour of Fraser River Sand

This study was carried out to improve our understanding of the behaviour of Fraser River Sand during and after ageing The main objectives of this study are (a) the effects of ageing time under constant stress state on the stiffness of sand and (b) the effects of stress path during subsequent shear. Identical soil samples were aged under constant stresses for 1, 10, 100 and 1,000 minutes prior to shear along a variety of stress paths. The effects of the levels of confining stress and initial effective stress ratio on changes in stiffness due to ageing under a given stress path were also investigated. The effect of ageing time is recognized regardless of the condition applied under the triaxial test. The magnitude of the considerable increase occurs in shear modulus with increased holding duration. In addition, this increase becomes more significant when the ageing stress ratio is higher. Also, the ageing time effect seems to remain only within a small strain. The effects of applied stress paths are also observed. However, this effect is strongly dependant on the initial stress ratios.Applied Science, Faculty ofCivil Engineering, Department ofGraduat