388 research outputs found
Criticality in Gauged Supergravities
AdS black holes show richer transition behaviors in extended phase space by
assuming the cosmological constant and its conjugate quantity to behave like
thermodynamic pressure and thermodynamic volume. We study the extended
thermodynamics of charged dilatonic AdS black holes in a class of
Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton theories that can be embedded in gauged supergravities
in various dimensions. We find that the transition behaviors of higher
dimensional dilatonic AdS black holes are different from the four dimensional
counterparts, and new transition behaviors emerges in higher dimensions. First,
there exists standard Van der Waals transition only in a five dimensional
dilatonic AdS black hole with two equal charges. Second, there emerge a new
phase transition branch in negative pressure region in six and seven
dimensional dilatonic black holes with two equal charges. Third, there emerge
transition behaviors in higher dimensional black hole with single charge cases,
which are absent in four dimensions.Comment: Latex, 18 pages, 8 figures; published versio
Interaction effects of pseudospin-based magnetic monopoles and kinks in a doped dipolar superlattice gas
Magnetic monopoles and kinks are topological excitations extensively
investigated in quantum spin systems, but usually they are studied in different
setups. We explore the conditions for the coexistence and the interaction
effects of these quasiparticles in the pseudospin chain of the atomic dipolar
superlattice gas. In this chain, the magnetic kink is the intrinsic
quasiparticle, and the particle/hole defect takes over the role of the
north/south magnetic monopole, exerting monopolar magnetic fields to
neighboring spins. A confinement effect between the monopole and kink is
revealed, which renormalizes the dispersion of the kink. The corresponding
dynamical deconfinement process is observed and arises due to the kink-antikink
annihilation. The rich interaction effects of the two quasiparticles could
stimulate corresponding investigations in bulk spin systems
Manifold formation and crossings of ultracold lattice spinor atoms in the intermediate interaction regime
Ultracold spinor atoms in the weak and strong interaction regime have
received extensive investigations, while the behavior in the intermediate
regime is less understood. We numerically investigate ultracold spinor atomic
ensembles of finite size in the intermediate interaction regime, and reveal the
evolution of the eigenstates from the strong to the intermediate regime. In the
strong interaction regime, it has been well known that the low-lying
eigenenergy spectrum presents the well-gaped multi-manifold structure, and the
energy gaps protect the categorization of the eigenstates. In the intermediate
interaction regime, it is found that the categorization of the eigenstates is
preserved, and the eigenenergy spectrum become quasi-continuum, with different
manifolds becoming overlapped. The overlapping induces both direct and avoided
crossings between close-lying manifolds, which is determined by the combined
symmetries of the eigenstates involved in the crossing. A modified t-J model is
derived to describe the low-lying eigenstates in the intermediate regime, which
can capture the formation and crossings of the manifolds. State preparation
through the avoided crossings is also investigated.Comment: 8 pages,6 figure
Celecoxib suppresses autophagy and enhances cytotoxicity of imatinib in imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cells
Roles of Toll-Like Receptors in Nitroxidative Stress in Mammals
Free radicals are important antimicrobial effectors that cause damage to DNA, membrane lipids, and proteins. Professional phagocytes produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) that contribute towards the destruction of pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a fundamental role in the innate immune response and respond to conserved microbial products and endogenous molecules resulting from cellular damage to elicit an effective defense against invading pathogens, tissue injury, or cancer. In recent years, several studies have focused on how the TLR-mediated activation of innate immune cells leads to the production of pro-inflammatory factors upon pathogen invasion. Here, we review recent findings that indicate that TLRs trigger a signaling cascade that induces the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species
Estrogen Receptors in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Female infertility is mainly caused by ovulation disorders, which affect female reproduction and pregnancy worldwide, with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) being the most prevalent of these. PCOS is a frequent endocrine disease that is associated with abnormal function of the female sex hormone estrogen and estrogen receptors (ERs). Estrogens mediate genomic effects through ERα and ERβ in target tissues. The G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) has recently been described as mediating the non-genomic signaling of estrogen. Changes in estrogen receptor signaling pathways affect cellular activities, such as ovulation; cell cycle phase; and cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Over the years, some selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) have made substantial strides in clinical applications for subfertility with PCOS, such as tamoxifen and clomiphene, however the role of ER in PCOS still needs to be understood. This article focuses on the recent progress in PCOS caused by the abnormal expression of estrogen and ERs in the ovaries and uterus, and the clinical application of related targeted small-molecule drugs
Resveratrol Targets a Variety of Oncogenic and Oncosuppressive Signaling for Ovarian Cancer Prevention and Treatment
Ovarian cancer is a heterogeneous disease and is also the major cause of death among women from gynecologic malignancies. A combination of surgery and chemotherapy is the major therapy for ovarian cancer. Unfortunately, despite good response rates to initial surgery and chemotherapy, most patients relapse and have a generally poor survival rate. The present research sheds light on the therapeutic effects of multiple natural products in patients with ovarian cancer. Notably, these natural ingredients do not have adverse effects on healthy cells and tissues, indicating that natural products can serve as a safe alternative therapy for ovarian cancer. Trans-3,4,5′-Trihydroxystibene (resveratrol) is a natural product that is commonly found in the human diet and that has been shown to have anticancer effects on various human cancer cells. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the progress of resveratrol against tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis induction, autophagy, sensitization, and antioxidation as well as anti-inflammation. It also provides information regarding the role of resveratrol analogues in ovarian cancer. A better understanding of the role of resveratrol in ovarian cancer may provide a new array for the prevention and therapy of ovarian cancer
- …