Effect of Concentrated Growth Factor alone and mixed with Hyaluronic Acid on Osseointegration of Delayed Implant.

Purpose: The aim of current study was evaluating effect of concentrated growth factor alone and mixed with hyaluronic acid on osseointegration of delayed implant. Subject and Methods: A total of 12 patients, ranging in age from 20 to 45 years old, were divided into two groups in random manner. Group A: Dental implants were placed associating with concentrated growth factor. Group B: Dental implants were placed associating with concentrated growth factor and hyaluronic acid. Treatment changes were evaluated for each group and compared between groups. Results: In the mean of implant stability a statistically significant difference existed within group A as implant stability increased from base line immediately after implant insertion to follow up period after six months, also statistically significant difference existed in the mean of Implant Stability within group B as implant stability decreased from base line immediately after implant insertion to follow up period after six months. Also, there was statistically significant difference in the mean of Implant Stability between the two groups. Conclusions: Concentrated growth factor alone have positive effect on bone osseointegration

Cause Placement: A Conceptual Framework and Empirical Findings

The use of embedded marketing, the practice of seamlessly integrating advertising messages into entertainment vehicles, continues to grow as media consumption shifts to on-demand forms, and reaching audiences with traditional advertising becomes more challenging. This dissertation investigates cause placement, the term proposed for the social marketing equivalent of product placement, the more widely known form of embedded marketing. Cause placement is the promotion of pro-social causes by verbally and/or visually inserting related elements into entertainment programming. Cause placement merits its own stream of research, because consumers are expected to react differently to the placement of social issues than to the placement of commercial products. However, cause placement has enjoyed little empirical research. This two-essay dissertation proposes a theoretical framework for the relationship between six independent variables, three of which have not been previously investigated in the embedded marketing research, on three dependent variables that measure the effectiveness of cause placement. The independent variables are placement modality, placement centrality, programming genre, image of the character, consistency of the behavior, and brandedness of the cause. The dependent variables are recall of the cause, attitude toward the cause, and intention to support the cause. Each of the two essays tests a portion of the proposed framework. Essay 1 (Chapter 4) investigates the effects of brandedness of the cause and placement modality on the three dependent variables using a 2 (branded/unbranded) by 3 (verbal/visual/ both) between-subjects design. As hypothesized, a branded cause was found to yield better recall than an unbranded one regardless of modality. Contrary to expectations however, there was no interaction effect between modality and brandedness on attitude toward the cause and intention to support the cause. The branded cause resulted in higher attitudes than the unbranded ones, and there were no significant differences among the groups for intention to support the cause, likely due to a ceiling effect reached because of the familiar cause used. The pattern of results plotted for attitude toward the cause was in the predicted direction, such that for the unbranded conditions the both verbal and visual modality had the highest attitude while for the branded conditions the opposite was true. Essay 2 (Chapter 5) investigates the effect of image of the character and consistency of the behavior on the three dependent variables using a 2 (“good guy”/”bad guy”) by 2 (consistent/ inconsistent) between-subjects design. As hypothesized, recall of the cause was higher when the main character’s behavior was consistent with his personality, regardless of the image of the character. Also as predicted, there was an interaction effect between image of the character and consistency of the behavior, such that attitude toward the cause was higher for consistent than inconsistent behavior when the image of the character was “bad guy,” but there was no significant difference in attitude toward the cause for consistent versus inconsistent behavior, when the image of the character was “good guy.” The analogous pattern hypothesized for intention to support the cause did not hold, however, perhaps due to the moral obligation that participants may have felt to follow the promoted behavior regardless of their personal attitude toward the cause. Limitations for both essays are discussed, as well as areas for future research

Purification and characterization of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:alpha-D-mannoside beta(1,6)N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase

Over the past twenty years, evidence has accumulated indicating that transformation with tumor viruses, carcinogens, or transfection with oncogenes alters the glycosylation of cell surface glycolipids and glycoproteins. It has been demonstrated that BHK cells transformed with either Rous sarcoma or polyoma virus differ in their N-linked oligosaccharides from non-transformed parental cells. The significant difference in glycosylation of these transformed cells is an increase in the structure (GlcNAc$\beta$(1,6)Man$\alpha$(1,6)Man), known as the $\beta$(1,6) branch. The increase in the appearance of this branch correlates with a 5-fold increase in the specific activity of the Golgi enzyme GlcNAc-T V (EC 2.4.1.155), the enzyme directly responsible for synthesis of the $\beta$(1,6) branch. Significantly, increased expression of the $\beta$(1,6) branch and GlcNAc-T V has been reported for many human breast tumor biopsies. By contrast, studies have documented in several cell types a correlation between decreased expression of this branch, decreased activity of GlcNAc-T V, and decreased metastatic potential. To determine the molecular mechanism of the regulation of GlcNAc-T V expression after neoplastic transformation, we have focused on isolating a cDNA encoding the enzyme. In pursuit of this goal we have purified GlcNAc-T V from a Triton X-100 extract of rat kidney acetone powder. GlcNAc-T V was purified by sequential affinity chromatography on a UDP-hexanolamine Sepharose column and on a synthetic oligosaccharide inhibitor Sepharose column. Silver-stained SDS-PAGE of the purified enzyme revealed two major bands at apparent molecular weights of 69 and 75 kDa. The enzyme was recovered in a 26% yield with about a 400,000-fold increase in specific activity. The optimal ranges of pH and Triton X-100 concentrations for enzyme activity were 6.5-7.0 and 1.0-1.5%, respectively. Mn\sp{+2}, Ca\sp{+2}, and Mg\sp{+2} were each found to have a negligible ($\u3c$10%) effect on activity. Moreover, the enzyme was fully active in the presence of 20 mM EDTA. Enzyme activity was stabilized and enhanced by the addition of 20% glycerol, 0.5 mg/ml IgG, and 0.2 M NaCl. The K\sb{\rm m} and v\sb{\rm max} of the purified enzyme towards a synthetic trisaccharide acceptor was 87 $\mu$M and 18.8 $\mu$mol/(mg*min), respectively. This K\sb{\rm m} value is similar to that previously reported for this acceptor using the enzyme from crude extracts of BHK cells