Three-Dimensional Numerical Modeling for the Motion of Stones with Different Sizes and Shapes in Streams

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

A Morphological Study of the Scaphoid Bone using a Mathematical Technique and Three-Dimensional Measurements

舟状骨骨折は症状が軽度のため, 発見されたときには陳旧例となり, 骨吸収によって正常の形態が崩れていることも少なくない。手術時の整復操作は, 術者の経験に基づいた勘に頼らざるを得ないのが現状である。3D CTからの実物大モデルを再構築することができれば, より正確な治療に結びつくと考えた著者は, 舟状骨の形態計測を行うとともに, 3D CT画像データからの再構築を試みた。本論文は, その基礎データを解析したものである。対象は, 系統解剖用遺体40体(男性23体, 女性17体)の内, 左右対の摘出が11体(男性9体, 女性2体)に可能であったが, 残りの29体は片側のみの摘出となったため, 51手(男性32手, 女性19手), 右27手, 左24手であった。測定には接触型3次元スキャナーを使用した。男女間では, 長軸長に有意差を認め, フーリエ係数には認めなかった。左右では, 長軸長, フーリエ係数ともに有意差を認めなかった。Compsonらの形態分類に従い3型に分類可能であったが, その3型間のフーリエ係数には有意差を認めた。また, 全体, 男女別, 型別に, 各々の中央値を用いて再生曲線を作成した。この曲線を立体モデル化すれば, 舟状骨骨折の手術時に本来の掌側面をどの様に再建すべきかの目安として, 臨床応用が可能と思われた。10手に関しては, 3次元スキャナー計測群, 舟状骨単体の3D CTからの計測群と手関節3D CTから切り出した舟状骨の計測群の長軸長とフーリエ係数の比較検討をおこなった。計測システムの拡大率を補正できれば, 3D CTから作成されるモデルは実際の測定結果に近づくことがわかった。今回の画像処理システムでは, 手関節3D CTから舟状骨のモデルを作成することに関して誤差が大きかった。現状では, 健側手関節3D CT画像の鏡面像から舟状骨を含むモデルを作製し, ある程度の拡大を考慮して臨床応用すべきだと考えた。As scaphoid fracture can be largely asymptomatic, diagnosis is often made after nonunion has already occurred. In order to properly treat scaphoid nonunion, precise reconstructive surgery is necessary. For this purpose, full-scale modeling of the scaphoid bone was attempted, utilizing data from 3D CT images. Data was directly measured from scaphoid bones using 51 hands removed from 40 cadavers, and derived from 3D CT images using 10 of the 51 hands. The resulting solid models of the regeneration curve, calculated using median data from the 51 scaphoid bones, seemed appropriate for clinical application as a standard of reconstruction in operations for scaphoid fracture. The model produced from 3D CT images more closely approximated physical measurements if the magnifying rate of the measurement system underwent correction. However, some degree of error is inevitable in restructuring independent models of scaphoid bone utilizing this system of image processing with data derived from 3D CT images. At present, the best way to utilize a model is from mirror images of 3D CT images of the other wrist joint, and then to apply this model clinically with due consideration of a certain amount of artifactual expansion

Development of Analytical Method for Finding the High Risk Collision Areas

The traffic condition has been analyzed by models that are based on Gas model and Obstacle Zone by Target (OZT) by using 1 year AIS data for Tsunami measure. By applying Gas model based method, it is possible to analyze the area in terms of ships’ relative angle, size, speed and density. The OZT is originally developed to show the collision zone on the target ship’s course. By using this method to the marine traffic analysis, high possibility of collision areas are estimated. Moreover, ships that courses are heading to OZT are identified and studied their position and how long they proceed course heading to OZT

Study of hadron interactions in a lead-emulsion target

Topological and kinematical characteristics of hadron interactions have been studied using a lead-emulsion target exposed to 2, 4 and 10 GeV/c hadron beams. A total length of 60 m $\pi^-$ tracks was followed using a high speed automated emulsion scanning system. A total of 318 hadron interaction vertices and their secondary charged particle tracks were reconstructed. Measurement results of interaction lengths, charged particle multiplicity, emission angles and momenta of secondary charged particles are compared with a Monte Carlo simulation and appear to be consistent. Nuclear fragments emitted from interaction vertices were also detected by a newly developed emulsion scanning system with wide-angle acceptance. Their emission angle distributions are in good agreement with the simulated distributions. Probabilities of an event being associated with at least one fragment track are found to be greater than 50% for beam momentum $P > 4$ GeV/c and are well reproduced by the simulation. These experimental results validate estimation of the background due to hadron interactions in the sample of $\tau$ decay candidates in the OPERA $\nu_{\mu} \to \nu_{\tau}$ oscillation experiment.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figure

SNP HiTLink: a high-throughput linkage analysis system employing dense SNP data

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>During this recent decade, microarray-based single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data are becoming more widely used as markers for linkage analysis in the identification of loci for disease-associated genes. Although microarray-based SNP analyses have markedly reduced genotyping time and cost compared with microsatellite-based analyses, applying these enormous data to linkage analysis programs is a time-consuming step, thus, necessitating a high-throughput platform.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We have developed SNP HiTLink (SNP High Throughput Linkage analysis system). In this system, SNP chip data of the Affymetrix Mapping 100 k/500 k array set and Genome-Wide Human SNP array 5.0/6.0 can be directly imported and passed to parametric or model-free linkage analysis programs; MLINK, Superlink, Merlin and Allegro. Various marker-selecting functions are implemented to avoid the effect of typing-error data, markers in linkage equilibrium or to select informative data.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The results using the 100 k SNP dataset were comparable or even superior to those obtained from analyses using microsatellite markers in terms of LOD scores obtained. General personal computers are sufficient to execute the process, as runtime for whole-genome analysis was less than a few hours. This system can be widely applied to linkage analysis using microarray-based SNP data and with which one can expect high-throughput and reliable linkage analysis.</p

Eddy-Current Testing Probe With Spin-Valve Type GMR Sensor for Printed Circuit Board Inspection

This paper proposes an eddy-current testing (ECT) probe composed of a spin-valve giant magnetoresistance (SV-GMR) sensor and a meander coil for the inspection of bare printed circuit board. The SV-GMR sensor serves as a magnetic sensor for the ECT probe to sense the variation of the magnetic field distribution occurred on the printed circuit board. The SV-GMR sensor is used specifically to detect the changing magnetic field distribution occurred at the defect point. The characteristics of the proposed probe are discussed in this paper. The comparisons of signal-to-noise ratios obtained from ECT probe with SV-GMR sensor and with solenoid coil verify that the applying of SV-GMR sensor to the ECT probe can improve the PCB inspection results