282 research outputs found
The g-mode Excitation in the Proto Neutron Star by the Standing Accretion Shock Instability
The so-called "acoustic revival mechanism" of core-collapse supernova
proposed recently by the Arizona group is an interesting new possibility.
Aiming to understand the elementary processes involved in the mechanism, we
have calculated the eigen frequencies and eigen functions for the g-mode
oscillations of a non-rotating proto neutron star. The possible excitation of
these modes by the standing accretion shock instability, or SASI, is discussed
based on these eigen functions. We have formulated the forced oscillations of
-modes by the external pressure perturbations exerted on the proto neutron
star surface. The driving pressure fluctuations have been adopted from our
previous computations of the axisymmetric SASI in the non-linear regime. We
have paid particular attention to low l modes, since these are the modes that
are dominant in SASI and that the Arizona group claimed played an important
role in their acoustic revival scenario. Here l is the index of the spherical
harmonic functions, . Although the frequency spectrum of the non-linear
SASI is broadened substantially by non-linear couplings, the typical frequency
is still much smaller than those of g-modes, the fact leading to a severe
impedance mismatch. As a result, the excitations of various -modes are
rather inefficient and the energy of the saturated g-modes is erg
or smaller, with the g_2-mode being the largest in our model. Here the g_2-mode
has two radial nodes and is confined to the interior of the convection region.
The energy transfer rate from the g-modes to out-going sound waves is estimated
from the growth of the g-modes and found to be erg/s in the model
studied in this paper.Comment: 24 pages, 6 figure
Effect of propranolol on regional myocardial function in anesthetized open-chest dogs with myocardial ischemia
Effects of propranolol on ischemic segmental function were studied in anesthetized open-chest dogs. Two segment-length gauges were used for measuring the regional myocardial function: one was sutured on to the left ventricular surface perfused by the anterior descending coronary artery (ischemic zone) and the other was on to that perfused by the circumflex coronary artery (normal zone). A bolus of propranolol (0.5 mg/kg) was injected into the right femoral vein. Five min later, the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was completely occluded for one mine and thereafter released. Then a second coronary occlusion for 20 min was performed; an interval of 20 min was allowed between two occlusions. Propranolol, in the ischemic segment, apparently decreased the extent of paradoxical lengthening in the late systole following one min LAD occlusion, and facilitated improvement of segmental function after release of the occlusion. Moreover, the extent of abnormal stretching induced by 20 min occlusion during early systole, was also reduced by propranolol pretreatment. In contrast, compensatory increase in shortening by the normal segment was disturbed by propranolol. These results suggest that propranolol might exert a favourable influence on the segmental myocardial function during either transient or maintained myocardial ischemia.</p
Neutrino emissions in all flavors up to the pre-bounce of massive stars and the possibility of their detections
This paper is a sequel to our previous one (Kato et al.2015), which
calculated the luminosities and spectra of electron-type anti-neutrinos
('s) from the progenitors of core-collapse supernovae. Expecting
that a capability to detect electron-type neutrinos ('s) will increase
dramatically with the emergence of liquid-argon detectors such as DUNE, we
broaden the scope in this study to include all-flavors of neutrinos emitted
from the pre-bounce phase. We pick up three progenitor models of an electron
capture supernova (ECSN) and iron-core collapse supernovae (FeCCSNe). We find
that the number luminosities reach and
at maximum for and ,
respectively. We also estimate the numbers of detection events at terrestrial
neutrino detectors including DUNE, taking flavor oscillations into account and
assuming the distance to the progenitors to be 200 pc. It is demonstrated that
's from the ECSN-progenitor will be undetected at almost all
detectors, whereas we will be able to observe 15900 's at DUNE
for the inverted mass hierarchy. From the FeCCSN-progenitors, the number of
events will be largest for JUNO, 200-900 's,
depending on the mass hierarchy whereas the number of events at DUNE is
2100 for the inverted mass hierarchy. These results imply that the
detection of 's is useful to distinguish FeCCSN- from
ECSN-progenitors, while 's will provide us with detailed information on
the collapse phase regardless of the type and mass of progenitor.Comment: 22 pages, 14 figures, 4 tables, accepted to Ap
Complexity of the Collision and Near-Collision Attack on SHA-0 with Different Message Schedules
SHA-0 employs a primitive polynomnial of degree 16 over GF(2) in its message schedule. There are 2048 primitive polynomials of degree 16 over GF(2). For each primitive polynomial, a SHA-0 variant can be constructed. In this paper, the security of 2048 variants is analyzed against the Chabaud-Joux attack proposed in CRYPTO\u2798. The analysis shows that all the variants could be collision-attacked by using near-collisions as a tool and thus the replacement of the primitive polynomial is not a proper way to make SHA-0 secure. However, it is shown that the selection of the variants highly affects the complexity of the attack. Furthermore, a collision in the most vulnerable variant is presented. It is obtained by the original Chabaud-Joux attack without any improvements
Neutrino oscillation and expected event rate of supernova neutrinos in adiabatic explosion model
We study how the influence of the shock wave appears in neutrino oscillations
and the neutrino spectrum using density profile of adiabatic explosion model of
a core-collapse supernova which is calculated in an implicit Lagrangian code
for general relativistic spherical hydrodynamics. We calculate expected event
rates of neutrino detection at SK and SNO for various theta_{13} values and
both normal and inverted hierarchies. The predicted event rates of bar{nu}_e
and nu_e depend on the mixing angle theta_{13} for the inverted and normal
hierarchies, respectively, and the influence of the shock appears for about 2 -
8 s when sin^2 2 theta_{13} is larger than 10^{-3}. These neutrino signals for
the shock propagation is decreased by < 30 % for bar{nu}_e in inverted (SK) or
by < 15 % for nu_e in normal hierarchy (SNO) compared with the case without
shock. The obtained ratio of the total event for high-energy neutrinos (20 MeV
< E_{nu} < 60 MeV) to low-energy neutrinos (5 MeV < E_{nu} < 20 MeV) is
consistent with the previous studies in schematic semi-analytic or other
hydrodynamic models of the shock propagation. The time dependence of the
calculated ratio of the event rates of high-energy to low-energy neutrinos is a
very useful observable which is sensitive to theta_{13} and hierarchies.
Namely, time-dependent ratio shows clearer signal of the shock propagation that
exhibits remarkable decrease by at most factor \sim 2 for bar{nu}_e in inverted
(SK), whereas it exhibits smaller change by \sim 10 % for nu_e in normal
hierarchy (SNO). Observing time-dependent high-energy to low-energy ratio of
the neutrino events thus would provide a piece of very useful information to
constrain theta_{13} and mass hierarchy, and eventually help understanding the
propagation how the shock wave propagates inside the star.Comment: 19 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review
Increase in the calculated resistance of anatomically fixed stenosis in vitro in association with decrease in distal resistance.
The effects of changes in distal resistance on stenotic resistance were studied in vitro. Physiological saline was passed through the left carotid artery obtained from the dog, flexible rubber tubing, or through solid polyethylene tubing with a constant perfusion pressure or with a constant flow rate. Various stenotic resistances were established using a screw type constrictor and the distal resistance was varied by allowing physiological saline to pass through either a 23 gauge hypodermic needle (high peripheral resistance) or 23 and 20 gauge needles (low peripheral resistance ). For arteries with anatomically fixed stenosis, the calculated resistance was increased in association with reduction of the distal resistance. The stenotic resistance in the flexible rubber tubing changed in the same manner as that of the carotid artery, while the solid polyethylene tubing showed no significant stenotic resistance changes due to altering the distal resistance. These findings suggest that the stenotic resistance change of the artery correlates with the elasticity of the vessel wall and also indicate that resistance values were of little usefulness for evaluating the effects of vasodilating stimuli on the vessel segment with a significant stenosis.</p
Measurement of AGN dust extinction based on the near-infrared flux variability of WISE data
We present the measurement of the line-of-sight extinction of the dusty torus
for a large number of obscured active galactic nuclei (AGNs) based on the
reddening of the colour of the variable flux component in near-infrared (NIR)
wavelengths. We collected long-term monitoring data by for 513 local AGNs catalogued by the
BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey (BASS) and found that the
multi-epoch NIR flux data in two different bands (WISE and ) are
tightly correlated for more than 90% of the targets. The flux variation
gradient (FVG) in the and bands was derived by applying linear
regression analysis, and we reported that those for unobscured AGNs fall in a
relatively narrow range, whereas those for obscured AGNs are distributed in a
redder and broader range. The AGN's line-of-sight dust extinction () is
calculated using the amount of the reddening in the FVG and is compared with
the neutral hydrogen column density () of the BASS catalogue. We
found that the ratios of obscured AGNs are greater than those
of the Galactic diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) and are distributed with a
large scatter by at most two orders of magnitude. Furthermore, we found that
the lower envelope of the of obscured AGNs is comparable to
the Galactic diffuse ISM. These properties of the can be
explained by increase in the attributed to the dust-free gas
clouds covering the line of sight in the broad-line region.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, published in MNRA
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