Off-equatorial Pi2 pulsations Inside and Outside the plasmapause observed by the Arase satellite

Using magnetic field and electron density data from the Arase satellite for the period from March 2017 to September 2019, we investigate the spatial properties of Pi2 pulsations in relation to the plasmapause over a wide latitudinal range (absolute magnetic latitude, |Mlat|, 0.7) with Pi2 pulsations in the north-south (H) component at low-latitude ground stations on the nightside, are dominantly identified from the magnetic fields in the radial (BR) and compressional (BP) components when the satellite is in the pre-midnight sector. In particular, high-coherence BP events are distributed over wide L-values and latitudinal ranges on the nightside in the pre-midnight sector. We identify the location of the plasmapause using the electron densities measured by Arase, and found that the BP-H power ratio and the cross phases of the high-coherence events show a gradual peak and a clear phase change from 0° to 180° in the vicinity of the plasmapause, respectively. These features indicate that mid- and low-latitude Pi2 pulsations on the nightside are excited by the plasmaspheric virtual resonance mode