15 research outputs found
A Unified Invariant Formulation, by Frames, from General Relativity to the Atomic Scale
The aim of this article is the formulation of the basic laws of Physics by
frames, i.e. quadruples of exterior differential one forms. The basic operator
is a modification of the Hodge-de Rham Laplacian d*d*+*d*d, where * is the
hyperbolic star. In this article it is modified depending on the frame. The
modified * is invariant w.r. to any diffeomorphism. Consequently, the modified
Laplavian is invariant. The field equation developed in this article is a
complete alternative to the field equation of General Relativity in vacuum. The
frame-field equation yields a derivation of Newtonian (Einstein) law of
attraction without recourse to the geodesic postulate. Coulomb law is also
derived. Invariant formulation of Maxwell equations is exhibited. Then first
order linear approximation is considered. It is used to derive invariant
formulation of Schroedinger equation (classical and relativistic) and Dirac
equation all of which are linear. The lhs of the field equation, defined on a
four dimensional manifold, is the same for all bodies. Thus hopefully, it may
set the foundation for a field theory. The interaction of the particles has to
be worked out. The basic equation of this article is motivated by the Einstein
equation in nonempty space.Comment: Several changes of the sig
On a class of invariant coframe operators with application to gravity
Let a differential 4D-manifold with a smooth coframe field be given. Consider
the operators on it that are linear in the second order derivatives or
quadratic in the first order derivatives of the coframe, both with coefficients
that depend on the coframe variables. The paper exhibits the class of operators
that are invariant under a general change of coordinates, and, also, invariant
under the global SO(1,3)-transformation of the coframe. A general class of
field equations is constructed. We display two subclasses in it. The subclass
of field equations that are derivable from action principles by free variations
and the subclass of field equations for which spherical-symmetric solutions,
Minkowskian at infinity exist. Then, for the spherical-symmetric solutions, the
resulting metric is computed. Invoking the Geodesic Postulate, we find all the
equations that are experimentally (by the 3 classical tests) indistinguishable
from Einstein field equations. This family includes, of course, also Einstein
equations. Moreover, it is shown, explicitly, how to exhibit it. The basic tool
employed in the paper is an invariant formulation reminiscent of Cartan's
structural equations. The article sheds light on the possibilities and
limitations of the coframe gravity. It may also serve as a general procedure to
derive covariant field equations