Povezanost negativne energetske bilance (NEB) s energetskim metabolizmom, proizvodnjom mlijeka i reprodukcijskom sposobnošću mliječnih krava tijekom rane laktacije u pokrajini Heilongjiang, Kina

Negative energy balance (NEB) causes economic losses to dairy farms around the globe. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of NEB on energy metabolism, reproduction, etc. during early lactation in dairy cows on intensive farms in Heilongjiang, China. According to β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), glucose (GLU), Non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels, and clinical manifestations 14-21 days postpartum, 118 cows were divided into a positive energy balance (PEB) group (BHBA2.8, NEFA1.2, GLU0.7 mmol/L, n=51). These indicators were analyzed by cross-sectional research methods combined with Pearson correlation analysis and a prospective cohort study. The results showed that at 14-21 days postpartum, compared with the PEB, the body condition score, body condition loss (BCL), milk urea nitrogen, BHBA, NEFA, the interval from calving to first estrus (ICFE), pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI), and calving interval were higher (P2,8, NEFA1,2, GLU0,7 mmol/L; n=51). Navedeni pokazatelji analizirani su kombinacijom metoda presječnog istraživanja, Pearson-ovog koeficijenta korelacije i prospektivnog kohortnog istraživanja. Rezultati su pokazali da je 14-21 dan nakon porođaja skupina NEB u usporedbi sa skupinom PEB imala višu ocjenu tjelesne kondicije, veći gubitak tjelesne kondicije (BCL), te veće vrijednosti za dušik iz ureje mlijeka, BHBA, NEFA, interval od teljenja do prvog estrusa (ICFE), graviditete po umjetnoj oplodnji (P/AI) i interval između teljenja (P<0,05), a niže vrijednosti zadnevnu proizvodnju mlijeka (DL), mliječni protein, GLU, stopu pojave estrusa i stopu koncepcije. Gubitak tjelesne kondicije (BCL) je bio pozitivno povezan s ICFE i P/AI (P<0,05) i negativno povezan sa stopom pojave estrusa te stopom koncepcije (P<0,05). Dnevna proizvodnja mlijeka (DL) pokazala je negativnu povezanost s P/AI (P<0,05). Uočena je pozitivna povezanost NEB-a i anestrusa (2M-H = 12,63, P = 0,0004), a rizik od anestrusa uzrokovanih NEB povećan je 3,67 puta u odnosu na PEB. Zaključci su pokazali da je NEB usko povezan s BCL, što je čimbenik koji utječe na snižavanje proizvodnje mlijeka i reprodukciju mliječnih krava. Osim toga, NEB se pokazao i kao čimbenik rizika za anestrus u mliječnih krava

Prenatal diagnosis of fetal intracranial medulloepithelioma: a case report

Intracranial medulloepithelioma is a very rare and highly malignant tumor that is typically diagnosed in childhood and has an inferior prognosis. In the current report, we described a case of fetal intracranial medulloepithelioma that was detected during the third trimester by prenatal ultrasonography, which displayed homogenous echogenicity with well-circumscribed margins and abundant blood flow. On magnetic resonance imaging, it was hyperintense on both T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. The fetal intracranial tumor was progressive, with rapid expansion within 3 weeks. The report aimed to provide knowledge on the clinical characteristics of fetal intracranial medulloepithelioma in prenatal diagnosis, particularly the radiological features

Food Protein Nanofibril Gels: From Conditions, Types and Properties to Applications

Many food proteins can be assembled into nanofibrils under pH conditions far from the isoelectric point and with a low ionic strength by heating them for a long period. These food protein nanofibrils (FPN) have outstanding functional and biological properties and are considered sustainable biomaterials in many fields. In this study, we review the recent developments in FPN gels and introduce the key factors in promoting food protein self-assembly in order to create functional gels. The major variables discussed are the morphology of nanofibrils, protein concentration, heating time, and the type and concentration of salts. We also highlight current advances in the formation and properties of different types of FPN gels. In addition, the various applications of FPN gels in bioactive and nutrient delivery, adsorbents for CO2 and toxic pollutants, cell scaffolding biomaterials, biosensors, and others are introduced and discussed

Quantitative discrimination of seismic attributes of small faults in southern typical coalfield

Faults are an important factor inducing mine safety accidents, and it poses difficulties on the identification of faults within 5 m of drop.Taking the Liupanshui coalfield of Guizhou province as the study area, this paper investigated the coalfield strata and carried out an on-site survey.It proposed a seismic physical model and used the unique velocity ratio of 1∶1.74 to realize the construction and analysis of small faults with a burial depth of 800 m, 1 000 m and 1 200 m and a drop of 5 m, 3 m and 1 m.This paper extracted a variety of seismic properties by seismic dynamics method to analyze small faults, and obtained the sensitivity of seven seismic properties to the characteristic response of small faults, including amplitude envelope, amplitude first derivative, and amplitude second derivative, and the correlation between seismic properties and drop was established accordingly.The results show that when the small fault drop of the coal seam is less than or equal to 5 m, there is a linear relationship with the traditional amplitude attributes, and a linear relationship with the seismic properties related to phase and frequency.There is high correlation between the amplitude envelope and the amplitude imaginary part, and low correlation between the instantaneous frequency, the amplitude first derivative, the cosine instantaneous phase, the amplitude second derivative and the amplitude envelope

Follicular fluid proteomic profiling of dairy cows with anestrus caused by negative energy balance

Negative energy balance (NEB) is an important risk factor for the dairy cow’s anoestrus. The purpose of the experiment is to screen out differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the follicular fluid (FF) of cows with anoestrus caused by NEB and oestrus from positive energy balance (PEB). NEB and PEB holstein cows were selected 14–21 days postpartum according to the serum concentrations of β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB) and glucose (Glu). Based on the follicle diameter at 55–60 days postpartum, the two groups were assigned into the anoestrus group (NEB-A; n = 6; follicular diameter < 8 mm) and oestrus group (PEB-E; n = 6; follicular diameter: 15–20 mm). Their FF was aspirated in vivo to screen out DEPs, and analysed by bioinformatics. Five DEPs were verified by western blotting (WB). The study identified 367 proteins. Compared with PEB-E, NEB-A expressed 135 downregulated DEPs and 37 upregulated DEPs. RBP4 (retinol-binding protein 4), adiponectin B, SOD (superoxide dismutase), IGF2 (insulin-like growth factor 2), and CRP (C-reactive protein) were verified by WB, their may have confirmed that cellular lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and cellular immune function are related to follicular development and anoestrus.Highlights 367 proteins identified in the Follicle fluid of dairy cows 55–60 days postpartum. In the Negative energy balance-anoestrus group, 172 differentially expressed proteins were identified—135 upregulated DEPs and 37 downregulated DEPs. Confirmed that postpartum Negative energy balance may affect cows’ oestrus behaviour or performance during early lactation by lipid metabolism, the IGF regulation system, and immune and complement systems

Early warning for inactive ovaries based on liver function index, serum MDA, IL-6, FGF21 and ANGPTL8 in dairy cows

Postpartum inactive ovaries (IOs) in dairy cows reduce the economic returns of the dairy industry. It is related to energy metabolism disorder, inflammatory response and oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of liver function index (LFI) and serum cytokines at 21 days postpartum with IO and to predict the risk of IO in dairy cows. The blood of 60 parturient cows was collected through caudal root vein at 3, 21, 28 and 55 days postpartum. Ultrasonography was performed at 50 and 55 days postpartum to determine follicular development. With the median LFI as the standard, it was divided into high LFI (n = 30) and low LFI group (n = 30). A cohort study was used to analyse the risk of LFI to IO and t-test was used to compare the blood biochemical indicators of different LFI groups. Then, 12 cows (oestrus = 6 and IO = 6) were slaughtered 55 days postpartum. The differences of LFI, cytokines and biochemical indexes were compared, and data were analysed by t-test, Spearman’s correlation analysis, binary logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic analysis. The results show that growth and development of follicles of low LFI dairy cows were impaired, the risk of IO increased by 2.67 times. Cows with lower LFI had energy metabolism disorders, increased inflammation and oxidative stress and decreased ability to resist oxidative stress at 21 days postpartum. LFI and serum MDA, IL-6, FGF21 and ANGPTL at 21 days postpartum can predict IO in dairy cows.Highlights The risk of inactive ovaries (IOs) in cows with low liver function index (LFI) will increase by 2.67 times, serum MDA, IL-6, FGF21 and ANGPTL8 at 21 days postpartum can predict IOs in dairy cows at 50–55 days postpartum. A high predictive risk of IOs in dairy cows occurred when the LFI was less than −3.18, MDA more than 3.62 mmol/L, IL-6 more than 23.68 ng/L, FGF21 less than 812.41 ng/L and ANGPTL8 less than 695.79 ng/L at 21 days postpartum

Metabolite Comparison between Serum and Follicular Fluid of Dairy Cows with Inactive Ovaries Postpartum

Inactive ovaries (IO) accounts for 50% of ovarian disease in postpartum dairy cows, which seriously affects their reproductive efficiency. To investigate the metabolic changes in the serum and follicular fluid of dairy cows with IO during lactation, six estrus (E) cows and six IO cows at 50 to 55 days in milk were selected based on B ultrasonic detection and clinical manifestations. The differential metabolites in serum and follicular fluid between the E cows and IO cows were identified by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography&ndash;quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, combined with multidimensional statistical methods. The results showed that dairy cows with IO were in a subclinical ketosis status where beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) exceeded 1.20 mmol/L, 14 differential metabolites in the serum of IO cows included 10 increased metabolites and 4 decreased metabolites, and 14 differential metabolites in the follicular fluid of IO cows included 8 increased metabolites and 6 decreased metabolites. These differential metabolites mainly involved nine metabolic pathways. The common enrichment pathway of different metabolites in serum and follicular fluid were glycerophospholipid metabolism and pentose and glucuronate interconversions. In conclusion, there were significant differences in the differential metabolites and enrichment pathways between serum and follicular fluid of IO cows, implying that there were complex changes in blood metabolism and local follicular metabolism of IO cows, whose interactions need further investigation

Expression of PDLIM5 Spliceosomes and Regulatory Functions on Myogenesis in Pigs

Meat yield, determined by muscle growth and development, is an important economic trait for the swine industry and a focus of research in animal genetics and breeding. PDZ and LIM domain 5 (PDLIM5) are cytoskeleton-related proteins that play key roles in various tissues and cells. These proteins have multiple isoforms, primarily categorized as short (PDLIM5-short) and long (PDLIM5-long) types, distinguished by the absence and presence of an LIM domain, respectively. However, the expression patterns of swine PDLIM5 isoforms and their regulation during porcine skeletal muscle development remain largely unexplored. We observed that PDLIM5-long was expressed at very low levels in pig muscles and that PDLIM5-short and total PDLIM5 were highly expressed in the muscles of slow-growing pigs, suggesting that PDLIM5-short, the dominant transcript in pigs, is associated with a slow rate of muscle growth. PDLIM5-short suppressed myoblast proliferation and myogenic differentiation in vitro. We also identified two single nucleotide polymorphisms (−258 A > T and −191 T > G) in the 5′ flanking region of PDLIM5, which influenced the activity of the promoter and were associated with muscle growth rate in pigs. In summary, we demonstrated that PDLIM5-short negatively regulates myoblast proliferation and differentiation, providing a theoretical basis for improving pig breeding programs

Pyrolysis characteristics analysis of Chang-7 oil shale using thermal analysis and pyrolysis-gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry

There are vast resources of oil shale in the Chang-7 section of the Upper Triasic Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin, China. They would provide secure access to transportation fuels, if utilized in an effective, economic and environmental manner. A Chang-7 oil shale sample containing pyrite has been pyrolysed in a thermogravimetric analyzer at constant heating rates of 5, 10, 20℃/min up to 1150℃ with nitrogen as purge gas. Meanwhile, the pyrolysis-gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry experiments were performed on parallel samples of Chang-7 oil shale sample at 20℃/min in the four temperature sections, ranging from 100 to 700℃ to understand the decomposition mechanism. The initial decomposition temperature and the final decomposition temperature of hydrocarbonaceous material were about 367℃ and 521℃ (average values), respectively, which raised with the increase of heating rate. The decomposition of pyrite began to take place over 500℃, and the pyrolysates involving sulfur compounds are harmful to the environment and corrode the equipment. Thus, we recommended that the final temperature of Chang-7 oil shale pyrolysis was best not to exceed 550℃ considering the heating rate to avoid environmental pollution and damage of the instruments. Chang-7 oil shale exhibited a single stage decomposition in the range of about 367–521℃, representing the rearrangement of kerogen molecules in the temperature range of 100–350℃. The activation energies of kerogen decomposition were calculated using Coats–Redfern method at different heating rate. We found that both activation energy and pre-exponential factor increased with an increasing heating rate. Finally, the DTA curves of Chang-7 oil shale verified the reliability of the calculated activation energies