Effect of Eugenol in presence and absence of nutrients (glucose and Xylose) on H+ATPase of C. albicans.

candida albicans is an Opportunistic human pathogen causes both superficial and life threatening mycoses fatal for immuno comprised patients. Many essential oils of spices possess antimycotic properties. The electrochemical gradient generated by PM-H+ATPase of C. albicans drives nutrient transport. H+ ATPase is associated with yeast to hyphal transition, later form being more pathogenic. It is thus important to identify spice extracts which apart from having low MIC also have a profound effect on H+ ATPase. With this in view we have investigated Eugenol alone and along with nutrients (xylose and glucose) on H+ ATPase functioning through H+ extrusion measurement. The antifungal activity of Eugenol alone and along with nutrients (xylose and glucose)was investigated by studying their effect on PM-ATPase mediated H+-Extrusion activity (H+ efflux) and growth of C. albicans (Disc diffusion and MIC).Eugenol inhibited the H+ ATPase as observed by H+ efflux monitored for 30 min. The oil has clear inhibitory effect on H+ efflux in the concentration range of 500µg/ml to 2000µg/ml. Eugenol has an inhibitory effect on growth and H+-Extrusion of H+ ATPase of C. albicans. Both glucose and xylose along with Eugenol have inhibitory effect on Candida growth but no such effect has been observed on H+-ATPase pump of the fungus. Eugenol has a potential to be exploited as future antifungal drug to target plasma membrane H+ ATPase of C. albicans and other pathogenic microbes

Effect of Eugenol in presence and absence of nutrients (glucose and Xylose) on H+ATPase of C. albicans.

candida albicans is an Opportunistic human pathogen causes both superficial and life threatening mycoses fatal for immuno comprised patients. Many essential oils of spices possess antimycotic properties. The electrochemical gradient generated by PM-H+ATPase of C. albicans drives nutrient transport. H+ ATPase is associated with yeast to hyphal transition, later form being more pathogenic. It is thus important to identify spice extracts which apart from having low MIC also have a profound effect on H+ ATPase. With this in view we have investigated Eugenol alone and along with nutrients (xylose and glucose) on H+ ATPase functioning through H+ extrusion measurement. The antifungal activity of Eugenol alone and along with nutrients (xylose and glucose)was investigated by studying their effect on PM-ATPase mediated H+-Extrusion activity (H+ efflux) and growth of C. albicans (Disc diffusion and MIC).Eugenol inhibited the H+ ATPase as observed by H+ efflux monitored for 30 min. The oil has clear inhibitory effect on H+ efflux in the concentration range of 500µg/ml to 2000µg/ml. Eugenol has an inhibitory effect on growth and H+-Extrusion of H+ ATPase of C. albicans. Both glucose and xylose along with Eugenol have inhibitory effect on Candida growth but no such effect has been observed on H+-ATPase pump of the fungus. Eugenol has a potential to be exploited as future antifungal drug to target plasma membrane H+ ATPase of C. albicans and other pathogenic microbes

Somatic chromosomal studies in Ocimum basilicum & Ocimum sanctum L.

The study of chromosomal number is a parameter commonly used to characterize cytological of a species, and may have implications for cultivar identification. The present study aimed to determining the chromosome number of Ocimum sanctum and Ocimum basilicum L. The survey conducted in the cytogenetic laboratory, department of genetics and plant breeding, CCS University, Meerut. We used seeds of four accessions of Ocimum, obtained from NBPGR, New Delhi were used in the present study.  Accessions IC-436153 and EC-338575 are of Basilicum group, while Accessions IC-344638 and IC-344681 belong to Sanctum group. We used seeds of Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum sanctum. After 24 hrs of germination, radical tips were collected and immersed in saturated solution of para-dichlorobenzene (PDB) for about 3h. The material was fixed in freshly prepared Farmer’s fluid ( 3 parts absolute alcohol: 1 part glacial acetic acid) solution for 24 h. After fixation, the material was transferred to 70% alcohol and stored in a refrigerator for long time preservation, until studied cytologically. Microphotographs were taken by digital camera at the magnification 1000X and karyotypes were generated with the computer-based programmers’- Adobe Photoshop, AutoCAD and Microsoft programmer.  The measurements of the chromosomes were made with the help of Erma Tokyo objective micrometer.  Chromosome measurements were made on – length of each arm, total chromosome length and the position of secondary constriction, F%, DI and TF%. The number of chromosome found for the species Ocimum basilicum was 2n =48 and Ocimum sanctum was 2n =32. The study of chromosome assumes the role as a restriction commonly used in cytological characterization of the species, and may also have implication for cultivars identification