Prevalence of tracheobronchial anomalies among patients undergoing fibreoptic bronchoscopy: a retrospective analysis from a tertiary care hospital in Wayanad, Kerala, India

Background: Tracheobronchial anomalies are a rare clinical entity and often asymptomatic in nature. Some patients may experience symptoms such as cough, recurrent pneumonia or hemoptysis. Knowledge and understanding of tracheobronchial variations have important implications for diagnosis of symptomatic patients and performing certain procedures, including bronchoscopy and endotracheal intubation. Objective was to study the prevalence of tracheobronchial anomalies detected during routine bronchoscopy in a tertiary care setting.Methods: Retrospective analysis of hospital data of patients undergoing fibreoptic bronchoscopy for one year in a tertiary care setting.Results: There were 149 bronchoscopies evaluated. Total of 41 anomalies were detected in 34 (22.8%) subjects. The most common anomaly was bronchial diverticula.Conclusions: This retrospective study takes stock of various tracheobronchial anomalies among subjects who underwent bronchoscopy in a tertiary care hospital in Wayanad, North Malabar. This study revealed major tracheobronchial anomalies in 22.8% of subjects which is higher when compared to previous studies. This is particularly important due to the fact that Wayanad is a backward hilly district and tribal community constitutes 20% of its population

Bilateral morgagni hernia in a case of Weill-Marchesani syndrome-a rare association

Morgagni hernia constitutes only about 2% of all diaphragmatic hernias and bilateral Morgagni hernia is extremely rare. Here we present a 75 year old female patient with morphometric features of Weill-Marchesani syndrome who has bilateral Morgagni hernia. This association is reported for the first time in literature

Lung involvement in accident victims: report of three cases

Lungs are target organ for damage during accidents and contribute significantly to the mortality of the victims. Here we present three different types of accidental injury to the lungs leading to respiratory failure and their varied presentations

Aspergillus spp. infection as a cause of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a prospective observational study

Background: Majority of exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) are due to infections. Usual agents causing AECOPD are gram negative bacteria, but rarely viruses and fungi are also implicated. However, the role of fungal infection, especially Aspergillus spp. in the clinical deterioration of COPD still remains unclear. This prospective observational study looks at the prevalence of aspergillus infection in AECOPD. The Objectives of this study were to analyse the prevalence and risk factors associated with Aspergillus infection in AECOPD, and to investigate the clinical outcomes.Methods: Patients admitted with AECOPD for a period of 3 months from 1st October 2017 to 31st December 2017 were prospectively included from ICU and general ward of Pulmonary Medicine department of a tertiary care hospital. Clinical, radiological and microbiological data were collected at admission and during the hospital stay. Clinical course and outcome are recorded.Results: There were 104 cases of AECOPD during the study period out of which 96 were males and 8 were females. 17 patients had evidence of aspergillus infection and diabetes was found to be an independent risk factor for aspergillus infection.Conclusions: Aspergillus infection is an important cause of COPD exacerbation and this is directly related to diabetes mellitus

Bilateral congenital pulmonary airway malformation in an adult: Report of a rare case

Congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAMs) are considered part of a spectrum of bronchopulmonary foregut malformations. Diagnosis is usually made during the antenatal or neonatal period, and is rarely diagnosed in adults. The spectrum of clinical presentations varies from asymptomatic cases to recurrent respiratory tract infections or respiratory insufficiency in adulthood. Here, we report the case of an adult female who presented with a history of recurrent respiratory tract infections since childhood. Radiological findings were in favor of bilateral CPAM. Bilateral CPAM in an adult patient is extremely rare, and it is mostly managed as bronchiectasis

A case of extrapulmonary tuberculosis presenting as multiple pleural nodules and esophageal ulcer

Tuberculosis (TB) can affect various organs besides the lungs. Among the extrapulmonary sites, pleura and gastrointestinal tract are the second- and sixth-most common sites, respectively. Pleural involvement usually occurs in the form of pleural effusion, and the sites most commonly involved in gastrointestinal TB are the peritoneum and ileocecal area. Here we present an interesting case of a 23-year-old female who presented to the gastroenterologist with symptoms of dysphagia, regurgitation of food, and weight loss. Esophagogastro duodenoscopy showed an esophageal ulcer which was confirmed to be due to TB. Incidentally, this patient also had multiple pleural nodules due to TB. This case is unique since there is a simultaneous occurrence of two different sites of occurrence of extrapulmonary TB

Clinical profile and diagnosis of tracheal bronchus among patients undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy in a tertiary level health facility

Background: Tracheobronchial anomalies are rare clinical entities and often asymptomatic in nature. Some patients may experience symptoms such as cough, recurrent pneumonia, or hemoptysis. Tracheal bronchus is one of the rarer forms of tracheobronchial anomalies, which may be seen during routine bronchoscopy. Knowledge and understanding of tracheal bronchus is important for diagnosing symptomatic patients and performing certain procedures, including bronchoscopy and endotracheal intubation. Objective: The objective is to study the clinical profile, diagnosis, and management of tracheal bronchus detected during routine bronchoscopy in a tertiary care setting. Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of hospital data of patients undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy for 2 years in a tertiary care setting. Results: There were 150 bronchoscopies performed during the period. A total of 42 anomalies were detected in 35 (23.33%) patients. Three patients had tracheal bronchus (2%). Conclusions: This retrospective study evaluated the presence of tracheal bronchus among patients who underwent bronchoscopy in a tertiary care hospital in Kerala, India. This study revealed that tracheal bronchus was present in 2% of all bronchoscopies done during that period