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Not AvailableThe study was conducted in mango to understand the relationship of various metabolites with flower sex ratio (hermaphrodite/male) and fruit set using stem girdling technique. Girdling one year old branches was carried out in two cultivars, Mangifera indica 'Alphonso' and 'Totapuri' to retain 50, 100 and 150 leaves to vary the content of hormones, sugars, and amino acids. The increased leaf number was found to increase the total sugars, glucose, fructose, and other sugars. Girdling also significantly increased the concentration of abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), indole acetic acid, indole butyric acid but decreased gibberellins and cytokinins. Amino acids also increased in the girdled branches. Girdling improved the flower sex ratio as well as fruit set more efficiently in 'Alphonso' than in 'Totapuri'. Results indicate that the increase in production of hermaphrodite flowers may be more related to the higher production of growth inhibitors, like ABA, SA, and JA along with increased concentration of sugars. Increased auxin concentration also might play an important role in increasing the fruit set.NICR

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Not AvailableIn this study, the carotenoid profiles of yellow and red pulped papayas were analysed by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and molecular markers linked to pulp colour were validated. The major carotenoids were the provitamin A carotenoid, β-cryptoxanthin ranging from 0.56 ± 0.12 mg 100 g−1 in fresh papaya pulp to 1.13 ± 0.02 mg 100 g−1, β-carotene from 0.12 ± 0.04 mg 100 g−1 to 0.82 ± 0.1 mg 100 g−1 and α-carotene from 0.07 ± 0.01 mg 100 g−1 to 0.38 ± 0.08 mg 100 g−1. The red-pulped papaya contained pro-vitamin A carotenoid along with a significant amount of lycopene (3.05 ± 0.23 mg 100 g−1). Two red pulped genotypes Red Indian and Tainung-1 were found to contain high provitamin A levels and can be useful of breeding for this trait. Two Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR) markers developed for early identification of pulp colour were found successful in discriminating yellow and red pulp coloured genotypes. These markers can be used in papaya breeding programme where pulp colour is a desired traitNot Availabl

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Not AvailablePlant based pigments have widely been used by human beings since ancient times. These pigments, being natural in origin, have better acceptability amongst the consumers and offer diversified applications worldwide. For identification of novel pigment sources, lesser known species need to be studied systematically. In the present report, a tropical fruit species viz. blood fruit was studied for its physicochemical parameters and anthocyanin content. Fruit pulp had total soluble solids of 17 B with acidic pH (3.01) and total phenolic content of 13.44 mg GAE/ 100 g of fresh pulp. Pulp of fully ripe fruits contained 8.76 mg/g of total anthocyanins. Pelargonidin was the dominant anthocyanin, followed by Cyanidin, Peonidin and Petunidin. Considering these qualities, the species could be a potential candidate for food and dye industries.DBT-BioCARe (19575

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Not AvailableAbstract: Essential oil was isolated from three local varieties and three advanced breeding lines of coriander by hydro-distillation of whole herbs and leaves at vegetative and flowering stages and analyzed by GC. The essential oil yields varied from 0.03 to 0.06 ml/100g in case of whole herbs and from 0.04 to 0.12 ml/100g in leaf samples. Altogether 26 compounds were identified with decanol, (E)-2-decen-1-ol, decanal, (E)-2-undecen-1-ol, (E)-2-dodecenol and (E)-2-tetradecenal as the major compounds. The percentage of identified compounds ranged from 83.92 to 96.45% except in one herb oil (Surabhi, vegetative stage), which was 75.44%. Significant compositional differences were observed between herb oils and leaf oils both at vegetative and flowering stagesNot Availabl

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Not AvailableA field experiment was conducted during two Rabi seasons at Organic Experimental Block of IIHR farm, Hessaraghatta, Bengaluru to study the effect of different levels of organic manures and conventional practices on growth, yield and quality of cauliflower. The trial included five levels of organic manure nutrient and two inorganic nutrient supplies. The treatment which received recommended dose of farm yard manure along with recommended NPK produced the highest mean curd yield (21.23 t/ha) followed by the treatments, which received 100 and 75 per cent recommended dosage of nitrogen (RDN) through organics (19.36 and 18.42 t/ha). The same treatment also recorded higher values for growth and yield parameters like number of leaves, leaf area, leaf area index, curd diameter and curd weight. Quality parameters in terms of total antioxidant capacity, radical scavenging ability, total flavonoids and vitamin C were better with integrated nutrient management as compared to chemical fertilizers only.Not Availabl

Seed morphological and biochemical studies in certain wild nutmegs

Not AvailableMyristicaceae is a tropical family, the members of which are utilized for medicinal properties in their native regions. Myristica fragrans is a species commercially exploited as a spice and medicine worldwide, while most of its allied species are yet to be studied in detail. In present study, three species viz. Horsfieldia glabra, Knema andamanica and Myristica andamanica were compared with the commercial nutmeg morphologically and biochemically to identify their utilization potential. Distinct variations were observed for seed morphological parameters among these species and seed dimensions were found to be the maximum in seeds of M. andamanica. Extraction yield varied significantly with solvent in H. glabra, K. andamanica and M. fragrans. Higher total phenolic content was recorded in methanolic extracts than acetone extracts in all the species and methanolic extract of M. andamanica had the highest total phenolic content (6.54 mg/g GAE). Seeds of all species were rich in saturated fats that varied between 59.4% (H. glabra) and 83.4% (M. andamanica). Methyl tetradecanoate was the most dominant compound in all the species, the content of which varied between 46.87 and 68.84%, while (Z)-9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester and methyl hexadecanoate were the other dominant compounds. Higher quantities of methyl dodecanoate (27.02%) and methyl cis -13-docosenoate (16.97%) were obtained from M. andamanica and H. glabra, respectively, while these compounds were present in minute quantities in other species.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe present study was undertaken to evaluate the response of six contrasting tomato genotypes to high temperature stress. Tomato genotypes were grown under polytunnel to expose them to high temperature (40 ± 2°C) for ten days after flower initiation. Physiological parameters viz., relative water content (RWC), epicuticular wax content, membrane stability index, lipid peroxidation (MDA content) and specific leaf area were recorded in the leaf samples collected second, fifth and ninth day after imposition of high temperature treatment. Membrane stability index decreased significantly in IIHR-2914, IIHR-2627 and Arka Abha genotypes upon temperature stress as compared to other genotypes. Although, there was no significant difference in RWC during early stages of stress, it was significantly higher in IIHR-2841, IIHR-2202 and IIHR-2745 genotypes at ninth day. Epicuticular wax content increased significantly in genotypes IIHR-2202 and IIHR-2841 compared to other genotypes; whereas, lipid peroxidation increased significantly in genotypes Arka Abha and IIHR-2627. Based on these results, genotypes viz., IIHR-2841 and IIHR-2202 were found to be temperature tolerant, while Arka Abha and IIHR-2914 were comparatively sensitive. The genotypes identified as tolerant to high temperature can act as a potential genetic material for future breeding programs to develop high yielding temperature tolerant varieties.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe composition of metabolites in the rind of ripe fruits of Garcinia indica was analysed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The fruits were particularly rich in hydroxycitric acid (15.60–22.92 g/100 g), which makes them a suitable candidate for weight-loss supplements; in anthocyanin (4.47–7.08 mg/g), a value much higher than that recorded for the majority of fruits and vegetables, which makes the fruit a good source of natural colour; and in phenolics, making it a good source of antioxidants as well (given the significant correlation between total phenolics and flavonoids and antioxidant activity). A total of 38 anthocyanin compounds were identified, most of them for the first time. Cyanidin-3-sambubioside, peonidin-3-arabinoside, and pelargonidin-3-glucoside were the major anthocyanins. Of the 30 individual phenolic compounds identified, ortho/para coumaric acid, naringenin, and apigenin were particularly abundant, which have myriad industrial applications. The first principal component (PC1) explained 93.05% of the total variability and was positively correlated to hydroxycitric acid, apigenin, and catechin. Clustering and heat map enabled the most suitable accessions for different bioactive compounds to be identified. Overall, the present study highlights G. indica as a rich, new, and sustainable source of bioactive substances with food, pharmaceutical, and other industrial applications.Not Availabl

Effect of high temperature on fruit quality parameters of contrasting tomato genotypes

Not AvailableThe study was undertaken to evaluate the fruit quality parameters of six contrasting tomato genotypes including three susceptible (Arka Abha, IIHR-2627 and IIHR-2914) and three tolerant (IIHR-2202, IIHR-2745 and IIHR-2841) to high temperature stress. After flower initiation, tomato genotypes were grown under polytunnel to expose them to high temperature (40±2°C) till the time of harvesting. Uniformly ripen healthy fruits were harvested and analyzed for fruit quality parameters comprises total phenols, total flavonoids, antioxidant capacity in terms of FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Potential) and DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), total carotenoids, lycopene, total sugars, vitamin C, Total Soluble Solids (TSS) and Titrable Acidity (TA). Results revealed that there were significant differences between the genotypes in tomato fruit quality parameters. High temperature reduced total carotenoids and lycopene content in tomato fruits and it was decreased significantly in Arka Abha and IIHR-2914 compared to other genotypes. IIHR-2202 recorded very high antioxidant capacity in terms of FRAP, DPPH radical scavenging ability under high temperature stress. TA and TSS increased significantly in all the genotypes under high temperature stress. Tolerant genotypes recorded higher total phenols and total flavonoids content both under control and high temperature stress conditions. Genotypic variations were observed in the above stated biochemical parameters to high temperature stress. Based on these results, two genotypes namely IIHR-2841 and IIHR-2202 were found to be good at maintaining the all quality parameters under high temperature stress compared to Arka Abha and IIHR-2914.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableA study was under taken on fruit and seed morphology, seed drying, seed germination and storage behavior in Baccaurea courtallensis, as, this plant is propagated mainly through seeds. Its fruit is a berry consisting of an outer, semi-hard but fleshy rind 2-3 mm thick. The cavity inside the rind is normally occupied by a single, arillate seed, but, two seeds are also seen occasionally. Fresh rind was found to be rich in antioxidants, with 237mg total phenols and 93mg flavonoids per 100 gram fresh weight, but was poor in Vitamin C. A thick, fleshy endosperm is surrounded by the inner seed-coat. The endosperm surrounds the embryo consisting of two papery-thin cotyledons and a minute embryonic axis. Germination was highest (96.7%) when seeds were sown immediately after extraction, with moisture content of about 50%. Reduction in moisture to below 34% showed a drastic decrease in germination. Dried seeds took longer to germinate than did the fresh ones. Seeds with 21% moisture recorded about 60% germination whereas, seeds with 10.2% or 8% moisture failed to germinate, indicating a recalcitrant seed. Temperature in the range of 25-30°C was found to be optimum. Of the two media tested for raising the seedlings, cocopeat medium was superior as, it induced faster growth of the seedlings. Seedling root and shoot were considerably longer, with higher seedling survival rate in cocopeat than in the soil-mix medium. Seedling establishment was poor when planted out of their natural habitat.Not Availabl