A rare nexus: G6PD deficiency's uncommon affiliation with rapidly progressive renal failure through the prism of pigment nephropathy

Acute kidney injury (AKI) with evidence of hemolysis is associated with tropical infections. However, pigment-induced AKI can happen with relatively uncommon genetic causes of hemolytic anemia, i.e., glucose 6-phosphate deficiency (G6PD). We share our experience of one such patients whose clinical presentation was rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. On evaluation, she had a history of usage of some drugs and with G6PD estimation revealing deficient status even during the episode while other tests such as Coomb's test and bone marrow biopsy was normal. The kidney biopsy revealed diffuse tubular injury with presence of several coarse granular/pigmented casts in tubular lamina. She was managed with hemodialysis and showed complete recovery. Thus, in tropical countries G6PD deficiency although is not common, should be considered among patients who presented as rapidly progressive renal failure (RPRF) and having history of precipitating factors for G6PD deficiency and a detailed hemolytic work-up needs to be carried out as an important cause of preventable recurrent AKI in tropical countries

High spin band structures in doubly-odd 194^{194}Tl

The high-spin states in odd-odd $^{194}$Tl nucleus have been studied by populating them using the $^{185,187}$Re($^{13}$C, xn) reactions at 75 MeV of beam energy. $\gamma-\gamma$ coincidence measurement has been performed using the INGA array with a digital data acquisition system to record the time stamped data. Definite spin-parity assignment of the levels was made from the DCO ratio and the IPDCO ratio measurements. The level scheme of $^{194}$Tl has been extended up to 4.1 MeV in excitation energy including 19 new gamma ray transitions. The $\pi h_{9/2} \otimes \nu i_{13/2}$ band, in the neighboring odd-odd Tl isotopes show very similar properties in both experimental observables and calculated shapes. Two new band structures, with 6-quasiparticle configuration, have been observed for the first time in $^{194}$Tl. One of these bands has the characteristics of a magnetic rotational band. The cranked shell model calculations, using a deformed Woods-Saxon potential, have been performed to obtain the total Routhian surfaces in order to study the shapes of the bands and the band crossing in $^{194}$Tl. The semiclassical formalism has been used to describe the magnetic rotational band.Comment: Accepted for publication in Physical Review

Observation of multiple doubly degenerate bands in ¹⁹⁵Tl

The High-spin states in 195 Tl, populated through the 185,187 Re( 13 C, xn) fusion evaporation reaction at the beam energy of 75 MeV, were studied using the Indian National Gamma Array (INGA). More than 50 new γ transitions have been placed in the proposed level scheme which is extended up to the excitation energy of ≈ 5.6 MeV and spin =22.5ħ . Two pairs of degenerate bands based on two different quasi-particle configurations have been identified in this nucleus indicating the first observation of such bands in an odd- A nucleus in A∼190 region and signify the first evidence of multiple chiral bands in a nucleus in this region. The total Routhian surface calculations predict triaxial shapes for both the configurations and thereby, support the experimental observation. The importance of multiple neutron holes in the i13/2 orbital and the stability of shapes for these two configurations have been discussed.Financial support of Department of Science & Technology, Govt. of India for clover detectors of INGA (Grant No. IR/S2/PF-03/2003-II) is greatfully acknowledged. One of the authors (S. Bhattacharya) acknowledges with thanks the financial support received as Raja Ramanna Fellowship from the Department of Atomic Energy, Govt. of India. T.R and Md. A.A acknowledge with thanks the financial support received as research fellows from the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), Govt. of India

Nerve Conduction and Heart Rate variability in Patients with Hypothyroidism at a Tertiary Care Centre in Eastern Nepal

Introduction: Thyroid hormone effects on many organs including central and peripheral nervous systems. However, these hormones do not affect all systems/organs to a similar extent. Thus, we conducted this study to explore the effect of thyroid hormones on somatic nervous system assessed by Nerve conduction study and cardiac autonomic activity assessed by heart rate variability. Methods: The study included newly diagnosed hypothyroid patients and healthy controls. In all subjects NCS were performed in median, ulnar, tibial and sural nerves using Nihonkohden machine Cardiac autonomic control was assessed using Short-term Heart Rate Variability and parameters were analyzed by Time Domain and Frequency Domain methods. Results: Both the groups were comparable in term of age, Body Mass Index, Pulse Rate, Systolic Blood Pressure and Diastolic Blood Pressure. Sensory parameters of NCS showed significant decrease in left median nerve SNAP amplitude (38.24±10.23 Vs 31.59±14.06, P=0.048) and nerve conduction velocity of bilateral median nerve in hypothyroid patients. In motor parameters of NCS, onset latencies of bilateral median nerves and right ulnar nerve were significantly increased in hypothyroid patients.  All Time Domain measures of HRV and Frequency Domain measures; LF Power, HF Power and Total Power were significantly decreased (P<0.05) in hypothyroid patients. These HRV parameters are indicators of parasympathetic activity. Conclusions: In newly diagnosed hypothyroid patients, especially median nerve functions (both sensory and motor) and parasympathetic activity were decreased.  It reflects that in hypothyroidism both autonomic nervous system and other somatic nerves are not affected in a similar extent. Keywords:  hypothyroidism; heart rate variability; nerve conduction study

Study of fusion in

Excitation functions are measured for complete fusion and transfer reactions of 6Li and 7Li with 197Au at energies around the Coulomb barrier. Coupled channel calculations including the couplings to both target and projectile excited states have been performed and are found to explain the data at energies below the barrier. At above barrier energies the complete fusion cross sections are found to be suppressed compared to the coupled channel calculations for both the systems. A systematic comparison of fusion cross-section for halo nuclei 6,8He and weakly bound stable nuclei 6,7Li on 197Au target is also presented. Large neutron transfer cross-sections are observed for 6,7Li as compared to tightly bound projectiles 12C,16O

Study of fusion in 6,7

Excitation functions are measured for complete fusion and transfer reactions of 6Li and 7Li with 197Au at energies around the Coulomb barrier. Coupled channel calculations including the couplings to both target and projectile excited states have been performed and are found to explain the data at energies below the barrier. At above barrier energies the complete fusion cross sections are found to be suppressed compared to the coupled channel calculations for both the systems. A systematic comparison of fusion cross-section for halo nuclei 6,8He and weakly bound stable nuclei 6,7Li on 197Au target is also presented. Large neutron transfer cross-sections are observed for 6,7Li as compared to tightly bound projectiles 12C,16O

Study of reactions with the weakly bound projectile

With the aim to investigate the influence of the breakup channel on different reaction channels, the elastic scattering and fusion of 9Be with the medium mass target 89Y has been studied at near barrier energies. Optical model analysis of the elastic data has been carried out and a dispersion relation applied to the real and imaginary potentials to investigate their energy dependence from which the presence of breakup threshold anomaly has been observed. Complete fusion (CF) cross sections, obtained for 9Be+89Y system, are found to be suppressed by (20 ± 5)% as compared to the coupled-channels calculations without breakup coupling. This observation has been further confirmed by comparing these cross sections with those for the 4He+93Nb and 12C+89Y systems, where fusion is induced by a tightly bound projectile and forms a nearby compound nucleus to that formed by 9Be+89Y. Results from the breakup coupling done in continuum discretized coupled-channels calculations show that the elastic cross sections thus obtained, which also fit the experimental elastic cross sections, are enhanced compared to the uncoupled calculations which implies a reduction in absorption/fusion cross sections. These enhanced cross sections suggest that the dynamic polarization potential produced due to breakup coupling is repulsive in nature. Thus the effective (bare+polarization) potential around the barrier becomes less attractive leading to the absence of the normal threshold anomaly