Прибайкальский национальный парк. Особенности организации туризма

The article reveals the historical factor that influenced the development of tourism infrastructure in Russian national parks. The borders of the recreational influence zone on the territory of the Pribaikalsky national park were defined with the use of landscapegeographical approach based on zoning, while taking into account the wholeness of tourism-recreational ecosystems and urboecosystems.On the territory under study there are seven small recreational areas: Olkhon Island; the Circum-Baikal Railway; Listvyanka settlement and the Baikal highway; Maloe More Strait; Bolshoe Goloustnoe settlement and its vicinity; Peschanaya Bay and its vicinity; Bolshie Koty settlement and its vicinity. Using statistical and graphoanalytical methods, we have analyzed the condition of the current tourism infrastructure in the Pribaikalsky national park. On the basis of the obtained data we have revealed the general principles of planning of the seven spontaneous tourism areas: the principles of combination, dispersion, discrepancy and opposition.В статье выявлен исторический фактор, повлиявший на развитие туристической инфраструктуры отечественных Национальных парков. Границы зоны рекреационного влияния на территории Прибайкальского национального парка, были определены на основе ландшафтно-географического подхода, основанного на районировании, с учетом целостности туристско-рекреационных экосистем и урбоэкосистем. Установлено, что на исследуемой территории располагается семь малых рекреационных ареалов: остров Ольхон; территория Кругобайкальской железной дороги (КБЖД); поселок Листвянка и Байкальский тракт; территория пролива Малое Море; поселок Большое Голоустное и окрестности; бухта Песчаная и окрестности; поселок Большие Коты и окрестности. С помощью статистических и графоаналитических методов проанализировано состояние современной туристической инфраструктуры Прибайкальского национального парка. На основе полученных данных раскрыты общие принципы планировочной организации семи стихийно сложившихся туристических ареалов, принципы: совмещения, разрозненности, несоответствия и противопоставления

Sulfides of the Modern Kamchatka Hydrothermal Systems

ABSTRACT Sulfides pyrite, melnikovite-pyrite, marcasite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, galena, cinnabar, coloradoite, metacinnabar are precipitating at the modern geothermal systems of Kamchatka: Kireunsky, Dvukhyurtochny and Apapel'sky in Central Kamchatka, Vilyuchinsky and Mutnovsky in Southern Kamchatka. Ore deposits are spatially associated with hydrothermal springs. Pyrite is the most common mineral precipitated at the discharge of hydrothermal style. It varies in mode of occurrence, size, inner structure, chemical composition and microstructure. Frequently pyrite occurs as framboids, idiomorphic crystals and their aggregates. By chemical composition, two varieties of pyrite are observed: homogeneous and heterogeneous. Heterogeneity of composition is due to impurities of As, Cu, Sb, Hg and Ag. Au as impurity in pyrite was relieved only in pyrite from Voinovsky hot springs in Southern Kamchatka. Cinnabar is the next most common occurring mineral at the modern hydrothermal systems in Kamchatka. Chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite and gold are rare minerals. The modern hydrothermal systems in Kamchatka provide the opportunity to study sulfide typomorphism and physico-chemical conditions of the deposition mechanism. We suppose that some of them are the elements of the long-life ore generating hydrothermal systems

Lipase Secretion and Citric Acid Production in Yarrowia lipolytica Yeast Grown on Animal and Vegetable Fat

The aim of the study was to investigate the potentiality of the utilization of raw agro- -industrial fat for the biotechnological production of valuable products (lipase and citric acid) by the yeast Yarrowia (Candida) lipolytica. Thirty strains of the aforementioned species were investigated for their capability of lipase secretion and citric acid production on media containing animal fat or rapeseed oil as a sole carbon and energy source. Strain Y. lipolytica 704, exhibiting the highest lipase activity on rapeseed oil (2760 U/mL), was selected for the study of biochemical peculiarities of cell growth, and strain Y. lipolytica 187/1, exhibiting the maximum citric acid synthesis, was selected for the subsequent studies on citric acid production. A relationship between lipase production and residual rapeseed oil concentration was studied. The essential factor for lipase production was found to be the concentration of rapeseed oil in the medium, which should be no less than 5 g/L. Under optimal conditions of cultivation, citric acid production by rapeseed-oil-grown yeast Yarrowia lipolytica 187/1 amounted to 135 g/L; specific rate of citric acid production reached m(CA)/m(cell)=127 mg/(g·h); mass yield (YCA) and energy yield (hCA) were 1.55 and 0.41, respectively