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    РСдокс-Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρƒ Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L. Π² условиях Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΠΊΠΈ

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    Aquatic ecosystems are very sensitive to industrial impacts, and, therefore, it is increasingly important to study the mechanisms underlying the tolerance of aquatic organisms to water pollution. Heavy metals (HMs) are among the most common and toxic pollutants of aquatic ecosystems. They have a particularly strong effect on macrophytes, which are in close contact with the aquatic environment and can accumulate metals in considerable quantities. Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L. is a floating macrophyte (pleistophyte) with a high capacity for accumulation of HMs. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of industrial pollution on the redox reactions in H. morsus-ranae and to identify the role of low molecular weight antioxidants in adaptation of this macrophyte to unfavorable conditions. A comparative analysis of the physiological and biochemical characteristics of H. morsus-ranae from two (reference and impacted) water bodies was carried out. The study revealed an increased level of lipid peroxidation products in the leaves of H. morsus-ranae under industrial impact, which indicates oxidative stress. Nevertheless, this floating plant demonstrated fairly high resistance to adverse conditions, due to the synthesis of non-enzymatic antioxidants such as proline and soluble protein thiols. Revealing the response of macrophytes to pollution of water bodies will help predict the state of aquatic ecosystems with an increase in anthropogenic pressureΠ’ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Π΅ экосистСмы Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ высокой Ρ‡ΡƒΠ²ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΊ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π½Π°Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ, поэтому всС Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ являСтся ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² устойчивости Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ Π·Π°Π³Ρ€ΡΠ·Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ². ВяТСлыС ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π»Π»Ρ‹ (ВМ) относятся ΠΊ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ распространСнным ΠΈ токсичным ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π»ΡŽΡ‚Π°Π½Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ гидроэкосистСм. ОсобСнно сильноС воздСйствиС ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ с Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ срСдой ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π»Π»Ρ‹ Π² Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… количСствах. Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L. относится ΠΊ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΡ‚Π°ΠΌ (плСйстофитам), ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ высокой аккумулятивной ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΊ ВМ. ЦСль исслСдования – ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° влияния Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ загрязнСния Π½Π° рСдокс-Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρƒ H. morsus-ranae, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ выявлСниС Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ низкомолСкулярных антиоксидантов Π² Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊ нСблагоприятным условиям. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-биохимичСских характСристик H. morsus-ranae ΠΈΠ· Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ… Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² (Ρ„ΠΎΠ½ ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ°ΠΊΡ‚). ИсслСдованиС ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ содСрТания ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² пСрСкисного окислСния Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² Π»ΠΈΡΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ… H. morsus-ranae Π² условиях Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ воздСйствия, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΎΠ± ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ стрСссС. Π’Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ этот ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΡ‚ продСмонстрировал достаточно Π²Ρ‹ΡΠΎΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΡƒΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΉΡ‡ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊ нСблагоприятным условиям, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ стало Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ благодаря синтСзу Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… нСэнзиматичСских антиоксидантов, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈ растворимыС Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΎΠ»Ρ‹. ВыявлСниС ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° загрязнСниС Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ состояния Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ усилСнии Π°Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ прСссинг

    Alternative splicing in multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases

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    Alternative splicing is a general mechanism for regulating gene expression that affects the RNA products of more than 90% of human genes. Not surprisingly, alternative splicing is observed among gene products of metazoan immune systems, which have evolved to efficiently recognize pathogens and discriminate between β€œself” and β€œnon-self”, and thus need to be both diverse and flexible. In this review we focus on the specific interface between alternative splicing and autoimmune diseases, which result from a malfunctioning of the immune system and are characterized by the inappropriate reaction to self-antigens. Despite the widespread recognition of alternative splicing as one of the major regulators of gene expression, the connections between alternative splicing and autoimmunity have not been apparent. We summarize recent findings connecting splicing and autoimmune disease, and attempt to find common patterns of splicing regulation that may advance our understanding of autoimmune diseases and open new avenues for therapy
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