ASYMMETRIC 1,3-DIPOLAR CYCLOADDITION REACTIONS OF AZOMETHINE IMINES WITH ACROLEIN CATALYZED BY L-PROLINE AND ITS DERIVATIVES

1,3-Dipolar cycloadditions between acrolein and various N,N'-cyclic azomethine imines in the presence of L-proline and its derivatives as organocatalysts were investigated. Reactions that were catalyzed by (S)-indline-2-carboxylic acid (30 mol%) in CHCl3/MeOH 97:3 (v/v) showed high exo-selectivities (exolendo 91:9 similar to 99:1) and enantioselectivities (75 similar to 98% ee). In contrast, reactions catalyzed by L-proline (30 mol%) under similar conditions favored the endo-cycloadduct (83:27 similar to 99:1) with modest to good enantioselectivities (31 similar to 83% ee). Based on our studies, the diastereoselective mechanism of the L-proline-catalyzed reaction was found to involve the isomerization of the exo- to the endo-cycloadduct in the presence of L-proline.ArticleHETEROCYCLES. 81(7):1669-1688 (2010)journal articl

Radioanatomical study of the bronchovascular anomalies of the middle and lower lobes of the right lung using multidetector computed tomography

石川県済生会金沢病院放射線部金沢大学医薬保健研究域保健学系Objective:: Preoperative evaluation of bronchovascular structures is useful for prevention of accidents in pulmonary lobectomy. The purpose of this study was to examine the frequency and multidetector computed tomographic (CT) appearances of bronchovascular anomalies between the right middle and lower lobes. Methods:: A total of 1116 consecutive chest CT examinations were analyzed in the present study. On display, the bronchovascular anomalies between the right middle and lower lobes were searched. When anomalous structures were observed, 3-dimensional images were reconstructed. Results:: Sixty-seven cases (6.0%) with anomalous findings were observed. In 20 cases (1.79%), the right middle lobe bronchus and artery supplied the lower lobe, whereas the lower lobe artery supplied the right middle lobe in 46 cases (4.12%). In 1 case (0.09%), the 2 patterns previously mentioned were observed concomitantly. Conclusions:: Anomalous bronchovascular structures between the right middle and lower lobes were identified by a multidetector CT with an incidence of 6.0%. Knowledge of the frequency and CT features is useful for preoperative CT evaluation. © 2009 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Diagnostic capabilities of I-131, TI-201, and Tc-99m-MIBI scintigraphy for metastatic differentiated thyroid carcinoma after total thyroidectomy.

We investigated the diagnostic capabilities of I-131, Tl-201, and Tc-99m-MIBI (hexakis-2-methoxyisobutyl- isonitrile) scintigraphy for thyroid cancer metastases after total thyroidectomy over the entire body and for every locus before and after thyroid bed ablation. After total thyroidectomy of thyroid cancer, 36 cases were subjected to I-131 treatment 64 times. They consisted of 17 men and 19 women with 31 papillary carcinomas and 5 follicular carcinomas. Their ages were 22--75(an average of 60.5+/-12.3) years. I-131 scintigraphy(I-131), Tl-201 scintigraphy(Tl-201), and Tc-99m- MIBI scintigraphy (Tc-99m-MIBI) were performed. We defined the metastases as those cases in which serum thyroglobulin (Tg)increased significantly or in which we were able to prove the lesions on CT (computed tomography), MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) or bone scintigram. Three radiology medical specialists visually evaluated each scintigram and calculated the sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratio. For whole-body sensitivity, both Tl-201 and Tc-99m-MIBI were high before ablation and I-131 was high after ablation. Before ablation, the negative likelihood ratio was less than 0.1 for Tl-201 and Tc-99m-MIBI, while the positive likelihood ratio was more than 10 for Tl-201. After ablation, the positive likelihood ratio for I-131, Tl-201, and Tc-99m-MIBI was more than 10. The sensitivity of the mediastinum was appropriate, except for I-131 before ablation, and the sensitivity of the lung before and after ablation was inferior for either tracer. The specificity of the cervix for I-131 before ablation was markedly deteriorated, but it increased after ablation.</p

Differentiation of thyroid nodules using Tl-201 scintigraphy quantitative analysis and fine-needle aspiration biopsy.

We studied the differentiation of thyroid nodules using fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) and Tl-201 scintigraphy quantitative analysis. One-hundred and thirty-one thyroid nodules were examined: 83 follicular lesions (58 benign and 25 malignant lesions) and 48 non-follicular lesions (8 benign and 40 malignant lesions). During Tl-201 scintigraphy examinations, an early and a delayed image were acquired 10 and 120 min after an intravenous injection, respectively. The T/N ratio (counts of nodular lesion/counts of contralateral normal thyroid tissue) of each image was calculated quantitatively. We assessed the ability of the Tl-201 scintigraphy and of the FNA analysis to differentiate benign and malignant lesions and determined the cut-off levels for the assays. For the follicular lesions, the area under the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve (Az) for the Tl-201 scintigraphy data was greater than that for the FNA data. For the non-follicular lesions, the Az for the FNA data was greater than that for the Tl-201 scintigraphy data. We set cut-off levels at 1.370 for follicular lesions, and 1.070 for non-follicular lesions. The sensitivity and specificity were 76% and 82.7% for follicular lesions, and 90% and 87.5% for non-follicular lesions, respectively. The overall accuracy of the analysis was 84.0%.</p

Functional evaluation of lung by Xe-133 lung ventilation scintigraphy before and after lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) in patients with pulmonary emphysema.

We evaluated the respiratory functions of patients with pulmonary emphysema who underwent lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) by the mean transit time (MTT) with Xe-133 lung ventilation scintigraphy, forced expiration volume in 1 sec (FEV1.0), residual volume (RV), distance walked in 6 min (6-min walk), and the Hugh-Jones classification (H-J classification) before and after LVRS. In 69 patients with pulmonary emphysema (62 men, 7 women; age range, 47-75 years; mean age, 65.4 years +/- 6.1, preoperative H-J classification, III (two were II)-V) who underwent LVRS, all preoperative and postoperative parameters (MTT 3 weeks after LVRS and the others 3 months after LVRS) were judged statistically by the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test and Odds ratio. Every postoperative parameter was improved with a significant difference (P &#60; 0.05) compared to preoperative parameters. MTT at 3 weeks after LVRS was not associated with %FEV1.0 and the H-J classification at 3 months after LVRS, but was associated with RV and a 6-min walk at 3 months after LVRS. MTT was useful for the clinical evalution of aerobic capability after LVRS.</p