Tracing human papillomavirus in skin and mucosal squamous cell carcinoma: a histopathological retrospective survey

Objective: The annual incidence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has been increasing worldwide. The causative role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in SCC development of cutaneous has been controversial in the literature. In this study, we aimed to assess the presence of the histopathological features of HPV in SCC samples. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary referral skin center in 2020. Specimens of patients with a definite SCC diagnosis were evaluated for histopathological features of HPV, including koilocytosis, hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, hypergranulosis, parakeratosis, solar elastosis, papillomatosis, as well as the grade of the tumor. All the samples were re-evaluated by two dermatopathologists independently. Results: a total of 331 (male:female ratio= 3.9:1) cases of SCC were analyzed. The mean age was 68.1, with a 15.1 standard deviation. Most lesions were located on the face (40.5%), followed by the scalp (22.7%) and extremities (20.8%). Koilocytes were detected in 50 (15.1%) of lesions. The koilocytosis proportion was significantly higher in lesions on nails (38.1%, P-value= 0.007), oral cavity (36.8%, P-value= 0.014), and genitalia lesions (60.0%, P-value= 0.026). Although SCCs in-situ were found in 6.6% of our specimens, the highest koilocytosis proportion (64.7%) was detected in in-situ tumors, which was significantly more than other grades (P-value< 0.001). Conclusions: The histopathological features of HPV and in specific koilocytes can be frequently seen in SCC pathology. This association is more prominent in nail, oral, and genital lesions and is significantly higher in well-differentiated SCC

Uterocutaneous Fistula Following Cesarean Section: Successful Management of a Case

A uterocutaneous fistula is a rare clinical presentation that occurs following Cesarean section and other pelvic operations. There are only a few reports discussing the treatments. We describe a patient with successful surgical management and review the literature. A 25-year-old woman referred to our department 13 months after her first Cesarean section. She had a history of an abdominal mass and collection 2 months after surgery and some fistula opening with discharge from her previous incision. She had a previous surgical operation and antibiotic therapy without complete response. We performed fistulography to evaluate the tracts. In the operation — she had fistula tracts, one of which was between the uterus and skin. We debrided the necrotic tissue in the uterus, excised the fistula tracts, and drained the uterine cavity. At 8 months’ postoperative follow-up, she had no recurrence. A uterocutaneous fistula is a rare condition with many causes and needs proper investigation and timely medical and surgical management

Arteriovenous malformations of the colon: A report of two cases and review of the literature

Background: Arteriovenous malformations are one of the most common vascular disorders of the colon. Vascular disorders present as painless, high-volume rectal bleeding. Case Presentation: This study elucidates two rare cases of vascular disorders that are diagnosed as angiodysplasia of the left colon and cavernous hemangioma of the colon and rectum.&nbsp; The chief complaint in two patients was rectorrhagia. The patients who were diagnosed of ulcerative colitis were treated with sulfadiazine and prednisone. Due to continuous bleeding, the patients were referred to the surgery department for operation. The patients underwent total proctocolectomy. Conclusion: We discuss the faults in the diagnosis and management of vascular disorders of the intestine

Primary Small Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus (PSCEC) Associated with Paraneoplastic Sweating Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review

Introduction: Primary small cell carcinoma of theesophagus (PSCEC) associated with paraneoplastic sweating syndrome is a rare disease characterized with rapid growth rate, metastasis at the time of diagnosis, and poor prognosis. The lung is the most common site for small cell carcinoma but this malignancy includes 0.1% to 1% of all gastrointestinal and 0.8% to 2.7% of esophageal malignancies. So far more than 200 cases of PSCEC have been reported in literature.   Case Report: The patient is a 54-year-old female from the Golestan province who presented with dysphagia, 19 kg-weight loss (from 105 kgs to 86 kgs), and excessive sweating. She was admitted in the thoracic surgery ward, at Ghaem Hospital, in the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, with a pathological diagnosis of small cell carcinoma. She underwent transhiatal total esophagectomy. Excessive sweating was eradicated after surgery and she was discharged after 13 days without any complication. She received chemotherapy and at her 5-year follow up, she showed no recurrence or metastasis.   Conclusion: PSCEC usually requires chemotherapy with or without surgery. A favorable outcome, with total resection of the lesion combined with chemotherapy, was obtained. However, due to the rarity of the disease there is no definitive choice of treatment

Hepatoprotective effects of rheum turkestanicum janisch on high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice

Background: Consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) is one of the main causes of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is increasing due to lifestyle changes and is still an important global health issue. Despite the efforts, there is still no common treatment for this disease. Studies have shown that the root of Rheum turkestanicum Janisch has a hypolipidemic effect and a significant antioxidant effect on liver tissue in diabetic rats. However, no experimental study has been performed on the hepatoprotective effects of this herb on HFD-induced NAFLD have been proven. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Rheum turkestanicum Janisch extract (RTE) on HFD-induced NAFLD in BALB/c mice. Materials and Methods: The study was performed with two models of prevention and therapeutic effect of RTE. Serum biochemical markers, histopathology, oxidative stress indicators, and qRTPCR were measured to evaluate the effects of RTE on lipid metabolism disorders in mice feeding with HFD. Results: In the prevention model, compared to the HFD group, RTE treatment decreased the levels of glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol and improved liver profile markers, oxidative stress, and expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that RTE has hepatoprotective effects against HFDinduced liver damage by reducing oxidative stress, lipogenesis, and increasing beta-oxidation of free fatty acids