Lesson Study to Create Social Studies Lesson Plans in Japan: The Case of “Logic of Triple-stacking” at Shinshiro Elementary School

This research conducts a case study to clarify the characteristics of the lesson study process used to create social studies lesson plans in Japan. The case study focuses on the “logic of triple-stacking” employed by Shinshiro Elementary School (SES), clarifying its process and examining its characteristics. Two main findings are notable. First, the SES social studies lesson study method based on the logic of triple-stacking focuses on social consciousness and teaching materials for children that pursue problems identified by the extracted children. Second, the method allows educators to transform social studies lesson composition to deepen and modify the thinking processes of the extracted children

Theories of Transformation and Social Background in the Living Environment Studies Curriculum: Focusing on the Home -Life Environments of Children

本稿の目的は，生活科で育成を目指す子どもの姿はどのように変遷してきたのか，その社会的背景は何であったのかを明らかにすることである。「家庭」に関する内容に注目し，学習指導要領・教科書・教師用指導書の分析をおこなった。結果として，以下の2点が明らかになった。第1に，学習の方法原理が，子どもに「しなければならない」価値規範を体得させるものから，「自分でできること」を自ら考え，実践するものに変化している。第2に，目標が，子どもを家庭の構成員に育てることから，子ども自身がより良い家庭生活を送ることに変化している。こうした変化の過程において，自分自身への気付きといった観点が緩やかに強調されている。この背景には，学校教育と私教育における双方の関係性・役割の変化がある。This study addresses the following two questions: how have living environment studies’ ideas about the qualities and abilities of developing children changed, and what is the social background underlying this change? It focuses on the content dealing with the home-life environment in courses of study, textbooks, and teachers’ guides. The analysis of the results revealed two findings. Firstly, the older belief that the learning method is what makes children acquire value norms has shifted to embrace the idea that one thinks and practices what one can do. Secondly, given that the goal is to raise children to be responsible family members, children themselves are being transformed in a way that leads to better lives for them. During such transformation, their self-awareness is enhanced. As a result, there have been changes in the roles of both school education and private education, as well as the relationship between these processes to develop children

Chemical Characterization of a Volatile Dubnium Compound, DbOCl3

The formation and the chemical characterization of single atoms of dubnium (Db, element 105), in the form of its volatile oxychloride, was investigated using the on-line gas phase chromatography technique, in the temperature range 350–600 °C. Under the exactly same chemical conditions, comparative studies with the lighter homologues of Group 5 in the Periodic Table clearly indicate the volatility sequence being NbOCl3 > TaOCl3 ≥ DbOCl3. From the obtained experimental results, thermochemical data for DbOCl3 were derived. The present study delivers reliable experimental information for theoretical calculations on chemical properties of transactinides

Decline in Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction during Follow-up in Patients with Severe Aortic Stenosis

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic impact of the decline in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at 1-year follow-up in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) managed conservatively. Background: No previous study has explored the association between LVEF decline during follow-up and clinical outcomes in patients with severe AS. Methods: Among 3, 815 patients with severe AS enrolled in the multicenter CURRENT AS (Contemporary Outcomes After Surgery and Medical Treatment in Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis) registry in Japan, 839 conservatively managed patients who underwent echocardiography at 1-year follow-up were analyzed. The primary outcome measure was a composite of AS-related deaths and hospitalization for heart failure. Results: There were 91 patients (10.8%) with >10% declines in LVEF and 748 patients (89.2%) without declines. Left ventricular dimensions and the prevalence of valve regurgitation and atrial fibrillation or flutter significantly increased in the group with declines in LVEF. The cumulative 3-year incidence of the primary outcome measure was significantly higher in the group with declines in LVEF than in the group with no decline (39.5% vs. 26.5%; p 10% declines in LVEF at 1 year after diagnosis had worse AS-related clinical outcomes than those without declines in LVEF under conservative management. (Contemporary Outcomes After Surgery and Medical Treatment in Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis Registry; UMIN000012140