Electron transfer quenching of dye triplets by NO2 ans N3 : a spin-orbit coupling effect on the radical yield

Triplet quenching of 3-methyllumiflavin, thionine and thiopyronine by electron transfer from NO2− and N3− in acetonitrile, methanol and water was investigated by flash spectroscopy. The radical yield is systematically lower for N3− than for NO2−, explicable by the different spin-orbit coupling properties of the inorganic radicals produced

Effect of Fecl4- Intercalation On the Transport-properties of a Graphitized Polyimide Film

The temperature variation of the thermal conductivity, the electrical resistivity, and the thermoelectric power of a graphitized polyimide film have been measured in the temperature range 2 < T < 300 K. The effect of the electrochemical intercalation with FeCl4- ions has also been studied. The thermal conductivity measurements confirm the high degree of graphitization that may be obtained with polyimide films. They show how intercalation increases the structural disorder and how the intercalate substantially contributes to the thermal conductivity at low temperatures. The electrical-resistivity and thermoelectric-power measurements reveal that the density of free carriers is about three times lower in stage-2 FeCl4- solvated intercalation compounds obtained by an electrochemical way than in stage-2 FeCl3 compounds obtained by a classical synthesis method

Efficient online handwritten Chinese character recognition system using a two-dimensional functional relationship model

This paper presents novel feature extraction and classification methods for online handwritten Chinese character recognition (HCCR). The X-graph and Y -graph transformation is proposed for deriving a feature, which shows useful properties such as invariance to different writing styles. Central to the proposed method is the idea of capturing the geometrical and topological information from the trajectory of the handwritten character using the X-graph and the Y-graph. For feature size reduction, the Haar wavelet transformation was applied on the graphs. For classification, the coefficient of determination (R2p) from the two-dimensional unreplicated linear functional relationship model is proposed as a similarity measure. The proposed methods show strong discrimination power when handling problems related to size, position and slant variation, stroke shape deformation, close resemblance of characters, and non-normalization. The proposed recognition system is applied to a database with 3000 frequently used Chinese characters, yielding a high recognition rate of 97.4% with reduced processing time of 75.31%, 73.05%, 58.27% and 40.69% when compared with recognition systems using the city block distance with deviation (CBDD), the minimum distance (MD), the compound Mahalanobis function (CMF) and the modified quadratic discriminant function (MQDF), respectively. High precision rates were also achieved