施設入居高齢者の健康感と主観的幸福感に関する研究 : 養護老人ホーム入居者を中心として

The purpose of this article is to analyze and evaluate the relationships of illness and Activities of daily living (ADL) with self-rated health and subjective well-being of the institutionalized elderly. One hundred fifty eight residents from three facilities in K-city participated in this research as subjects. The illness, ADL, self-rated health, and subjective well-being (measured by PGC Morale Scale) were assessed. Applying these data as latent variables, Covariance Structure Model Analysis was applied in four steps. The degree of fitness of model to the data was evaluated until third step. And the causal relation between the self-rated health and subjective well-being was analyzed using two models. In one model, no direct influence of illness and ADL on morale was assumed (model A), and in another, the direct influence was hypothesized (model B). The two models were evaluated using a model obtained in the third step (GFI=.935, AGFI=.9O2). The results showed that in model A, morale was directly influenced by the self-rated health, and that in model B, that direct influence disappeared. In conclusion, it is difficult to explain the moral of the residents for the aged by the health condition only

The linkage between medical student readiness for interprofessional learning and interest in community medicine

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between medical student readiness for interprofessional learning and interest in community medicine prior to incorporating community-oriented interprofessional education into the curriculum. Methods: A questionnaire was administered to students at Nagasaki University School of Medicine in Japan during each of three consecutive years (N=2244). The Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS) was administered in addition to a questionnaire to evaluate interest in community medicine. The Kruskal-Wallis and Steel-Dwass tests were used to determine differencesbetween school years. Correlation between the RIPLS score and interest in community medicine was evaluated with Spearman\u27s rank correlation coefficient. Relationships between RIPLS score and demographic parameters, and interest in community medicine were evaluated with multiple linear regression analysis. Results: Eighty-four percent (1891/2244) of students responded. The RIPLS score was highest in school year 1, followed by year 6, year 5,year 3, and years 4 and 2. Interest in community medicine correlated with the RIPLS score (rs = 0.332, p < 0.001),but less in year 1 (rs = 0.125, p = 0.002) than in other years. RIPLS score was significantly associated with gender, age, school year, interest in community medicine, but not the year that the survey was conducted. Conclusions: Community-oriented interprofessional education has the potential to improve attitudes towards interprofessional learning. When introducing this promising education into the curriculum from year 1, attracting students\u27 interest in community medicine should be considered

Monitoring of repaired water leaks using surface wave tomography

Cracks with water leakage have been found in an underground concrete structure, and they have been repaired by injecting waterstop agents and applying patch repair materials after V-shaped removal of existing materials. Since recurrence of the problem has been frequently reported after the repair, test construction has been made by using more proper repair materials. However, an underground structure surrounded by earth is accessible only from the inside for inspection. The authors adopted the surface wave tomography which enabled single-side access soundness evaluation of internal concrete, without requiring the source and receiving sensors to be placed on the opposing sides of an object. The results confirmed the effectiveness of the repair, with the velocity structure found to have improved from that before the repair. It was also found that the velocity has already decreased at some repaired sites, and that they were in agreement with the locations of the recurrence of water leakage detected by the visual inspection. Detection of recurrence of water leakage is important because the water ingress from the surrounding ground is one of the factors leading to reduced durability of the underground structure. The findings of this study suggested that the technique would be also useful for subsequent monitoring

Reduction of butyric acid-producing bacteria in the ileal mucosa-associated microbiota is associated with the history of abdominal surgery in patients with Crohn’s disease

ABSTRACTFecal microbiota is a significant factor determining the cause, course, and prognosis of Crohn’s disease (CD). However, the factors affecting mucosa-associated microbiota (MAM) remain unclear. This retrospective study examined the differences in ileal MAM between CD patients and healthy controls and investigated the factors affecting MAM in CD patients to clarify potential therapeutic targets. Ileal MAM was obtained using brush forceps during endoscopic examination from 23 healthy controls and 32 CD patients (most were in remission). The samples’ microbiota was profiled using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Compared to controls, CD patients had significantly reduced α-diversity in the ileum and a difference in β-diversity. The abundance of butyric acid-producing bacteria in the ileal MAM was significantly lower in CD patients with a history of abdominal surgery than in those without. Because butyric acid is a major energy source in the intestinal epithelium, its metabolism via β-oxidation increases oxygen consumption in epithelial cells, reducing oxygen concentration in the intestinal lumen and increasing the abundance of obligate anaerobic bacteria. The suppression of obligate anaerobes in CD patients caused an overgrowth of facultative anaerobes. Summarily, reducing the abundance of butyric acid-producing bacteria in the ileal MAM may play an important role in CD pathophysiology