SC3-seq: A method for highly parallel and quantitative measurement of single-cell gene expression

Single-cell mRNA sequencing (RNA-seq) methods have undergone rapid development in recent years, and transcriptome analysis of relevant cell populations at single-cell resolution has become a key research area of biomedical sciences. We here present single-cell mRNA 3-prime end sequencing (SC3-seq), a practical methodology based on PCR amplification followed by 3-prime-end enrichment for highly quantitative, parallel and cost-effective measurement of gene expression in single cells. The SC3-seq allows excellent quantitative measurement of mRNAs ranging from the 10, 000-cell to 1-cell level, and accordingly, allows an accurate estimate of the transcript levels by a regression of the read counts of spike-in RNAs with defined copy numbers. The SC3-seq has clear advantages over other typical single-cell RNA-seq methodologies for the quantitative measurement of transcript levels and at a sequence depth required for the saturation of transcript detection. The SC3-seq distinguishes four distinct cell types in the peri-implantation mouse blastocysts. Furthermore, the SC3-seq reveals the heterogeneity in human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) cultured under on-feeder as well as feeder-free conditions, demonstrating a more homogeneous property of the feeder-free hiPSCs. We propose that SC3-seq might be used as a powerful strategy for single-cell transcriptome analysis in a broad range of investigations in biomedical sciences

Real-world comparative effectiveness and safety of tofacitinib and baricitinib in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib and baricitinib in patients with RA in a real-world setting.Methods: A total of 242 patients with RA who were treated with tofacitinib (n = 161) or baricitinib (n = 81) were enrolled. We evaluated efficacy and safety between tofacitinib and baricitinib using multivariable analyses to avoid confounding. Their clinical disease activity and AEs were evaluated for 24 weeks.Results: The mean (SD) DAS28-ESR change from baseline to 24 weeks was 1.57 (1.55) (tofacitinib) and 1.46 (1.36) (baricitinib). There was no significant difference in the clinical response between the two groups (adjusted mean difference, 0.04; 95% CI, −0.35 to 0.28). The efficacy was not significantly changed in the patients without concomitant MTX use in both groups, but the concomitant MTX use showed better clinical efficacy in the cases of baricitinib treatment. In both groups, the most common AE was herpes zoster infection, and the AE rates were similar between the two groups. However, the predictive factors contributing to clinical response as revealed by a multivariable logistic analysis differed. The concomitant oral steroid use was independently associated with the achievement of DAS-low disease activity in the tofacitinib group, whereas in the baricitinib group, the number of biological and/or targeted synthetic DMARDs previously used was associated.Conclusions: Our findings indicate that tofacitinib and baricitinib had comparable continuing efficacies and safety profiles. However, there is a possibility that the influence of clinical characteristics on the treatment response differs. The comparison provides useful information to the optimal use of JAK inhibitors in real-world settings

Pasteurella multocida感染症の6症例

Pasteurella multocida感染症は,ペット等からの感染が主な感染経路と考えられている.今回我々は6例のPasteurella multocida感染症を経験した.全例で動物との接触の既往がなかった.We report six cases of Pasteurella multocida infection. Four patients had acute tonsillitis, one had acute sinusitis, and one had sialoadenitis, so acute tonsillitis was the most common presentation. All six patients had no contact with animals

通気による縦隔気腫の1例

通気後に頸部皮下気腫および縦隔気腫を来した46歳男性症例について報告した.通気中に疼痛を訴えた場合は粘膜下気腫等の合併症を考慮し,通気を中止すべきである.We report a 46-year-old man who developed mediastinal emphysema after catheterization of the eustachian tube. It is necessary to perform tubal ventilation therapy with care in patients aged 50 years or older due to the risk of complications. Furthermore, it is necessary to consider the possibility of complications when tubal catheterization causes pain

通気による縦隔気腫の1例

通気後に頸部皮下気腫および縦隔気腫を来した46歳男性症例について報告した.通気中に疼痛を訴えた場合は粘膜下気腫等の合併症を考慮し,通気を中止すべきである.We report a 46-year-old man who developed mediastinal emphysema after catheterization of the eustachian tube. It is necessary to perform tubal ventilation therapy with care in patients aged 50 years or older due to the risk of complications. Furthermore, it is necessary to consider the possibility of complications when tubal catheterization causes pain

未治療の糖尿病に合併した鼻中隔膿瘍の2症例

我々は2例の鼻中隔膿瘍症例を経験した.2例とも未治療の糖尿病を合併していた.糖尿病を合併した鼻中隔膿瘍は重篤な合併症を引き起こす可能性があり,注意を要する.We encountered two cases of nasal septal abscess in patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. When a diabetic patient presents with bilateral nasal obstruction, it is important to remember the possibility of nasal septal abscess

眼窩底骨折による眼球陥凹の手術適応について

眼窩底骨折16例について治療成績を比較検討した.8例には保存的治療を,他の8例には手術療法を行い,保存的治療を行ったうち1例に複視,2例に眼球陥凹の後遺症が残ったが,手術療法を行ったうちの1例で頬部のしびれ感および眼球陥凹が後遺症として残った.受傷後に複視が改善しても将来的に複視等の後遺症が出現する可能性がある.眼球陥凹をきたす可能性がある程度の眼窩底骨折は積極的に手術を施行すべきである.The need for surgery is indicated for an orbital floor fracture, and is often decided by the presence of eye movement disorder or diplopia. Enophthalmos will occur from several months to several years after injury, even when there is no diplopia, and in some cases where eye symptoms such as diplopia appear even later than this. We examined the occurrence of enophthalmos after surgical and conservative treatment of orbital floor fractures. The sequelae after operation were fewer than after conservative therapy. Surgery is clearly indicated when the contents of orbit have prolapsed. It is better not try to forecast the extent of shrinkage of the orbital contents over time, and to operate early after the injury

Effect of diamine treatment on the conversion efficiency of PbSe colloidal quantum dot solar cells

Polymer-free photovoltaic devices were fabricated via a solution process using PbSe colloidal quantum dots (QDs) and an organic semiconductor (tetrabenzoporphyrin, BP) that can be prepared in situ from a soluble precursor. The device structure was ITO/PEDOT/BP:QD/QD/Al, where BP:QD and QD layers correspond to a bulk heterojunction and a buffer layer, respectively. The buffer layer was treated with ethylenediamine (EDA) to crosslink the QDs. As a result, the energy conversion efficiency of the EDA-treated device was superior to that of an untreated device, mainly due to an increase in the short-circuit current density

未治療の糖尿病に合併した鼻中隔膿瘍の2症例

我々は2例の鼻中隔膿瘍症例を経験した.2例とも未治療の糖尿病を合併していた.糖尿病を合併した鼻中隔膿瘍は重篤な合併症を引き起こす可能性があり,注意を要する.We encountered two cases of nasal septal abscess in patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. When a diabetic patient presents with bilateral nasal obstruction, it is important to remember the possibility of nasal septal abscess