Effects of Instanton Induced Interaction on the Pentaquarks

Roles of instanton induced interactions (III) in the masses of pentaquark baryons, Theta^+ (J=1/2 and 3/2) and Xi^{--}, and a dibaryon, H, are discussed using the MIT bag model in the negative parity case. It is shown that the two-body terms in III give a strong attraction mainly due to the increase of the number of pairs in multi-quark systems. In contrast, the three-body u-d-s interaction is repulsive. It is found that III lowers the mass of Theta^+ as much as 100 MeV from the mass predicted by the bag model without III.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figure

Web-Based Personalized Nutrition System for Delivering Dietary Feedback Based on Behavior Change Techniques: Development and Pilot Study among Dietitians

Given the complex and varied nature of individual characteristics influencing dietary behaviors, personalized dietary advice may be more effective than generalized “one-size-fits-all” advice. In this paper, we describe a web-based personalized nutrition system for improving the quality of overall diet in the general adult population. The development process included identification of appropriate behavior change techniques, modification of dietary assessment method (Meal-based Diet History Questionnaire; MDHQ), selection of dietary components, and a personalized dietary feedback tool. A pilot study was conducted online among 255 dietitians. Each completed the MDHQ, received his/her own dietary feedback report, and evaluated the relevance of the report based on 12 questions using a 5-point Likert scale from “totally disagree” (score 1) to “totally agree” (score 5). The mean value of overall acceptability score of dietary feedback report was 4.2. The acceptability score was, on average, higher in plausible energy reporters (compared with implausible energy reporters), participants who printed out the report (compared with those who did not), and those spending ≥20 min to read the report (compared with those spending <20 min). This is the first attempt to develop a web-based personalized nutrition system in Japan, where dietitians were broadly supportive of the dietary feedback report

GZK photons as UHECR above 1019^{19} eV

"GZK photons" are produced by extragalactic nucleons through the resonant photoproduction of pions. We present the expected range of the GZK photon fraction of UHECR, assuming a particular UHECR spectrum and primary nucleons, and compare it with the minimal photon fraction predicted by Top-Down models.Comment: Talk given at TAUP2005, Sept. 10-14 2005, Zaragoza (Spain); 3 pages, 2 figure

Effect of Shear Flow on the Stability of Domains in Two Dimensional Phase-Separating Binary Fluids

We perform a linear stability analysis of extended domains in phase-separating fluids of equal viscosity, in two dimensions. Using the coupled Cahn-Hilliard and Stokes equations, we derive analytically the stability eigenvalues for long wavelength fluctuations. In the quiescent state we find an unstable varicose mode which corresponds to an instability towards coarsening. This mode is stabilized when an external shear flow is imposed on the fluid. The effect of the shear is seen to be qualitatively similar to that found in experiments.Comment: 13 pages, RevTeX, 8 eps figures included. Submitted to Phys. Rev.

Self-perceived food literacy in relation to the quality of overall diet and main meals: A cross-sectional study in Japanese adults

This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the relationship between self-perceived food literacy (SPFL) and quality of overall diet and main meals in Japanese adults. In total, 5998 adults aged 20-79 years were included in this analysis. The SPFL was assessed using the Japanese version of the 29-item Dutch SPFL scale (score range 1-5). Using validated dietary information, the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) was calculated (score range 0-100). The mean SPFL was 3.18; the internal consistency of the overall scale was considered good (Cronbach's alpha: 0.80). The mean HEI-2015 for overall diet was 50.4. The SPFL was significantly and positively associated with the HEI-2015. Using multiple linear regression, one point increase of SPFL corresponded to an increase in HEI-2015 by a point of 4.8 for overall diet, 6.2 for breakfast, 4.6 for lunch, and 3.6 for dinner (all P

Computer simulations of domain growth and phase separation in two-dimensional binary immiscible fluids using dissipative particle dynamics

We investigate the dynamical behavior of binary fluid systems in two dimensions using dissipative particle dynamics. We find that following a symmetric quench the domain size R(t) grows with time t according to two distinct algebraic laws R(t) = t^n: at early times n = 1/2, while for later times n = 2/3. Following an asymmetric quench we observe only n = 1/2, and if momentum conservation is violated we see n = 1/3 at early times. Bubble simulations confirm the existence of a finite surface tension and the validity of Laplace's law. Our results are compared with similar simulations which have been performed previously using molecular dynamics, lattice-gas and lattice-Boltzmann automata, and Langevin dynamics. We conclude that dissipative particle dynamics is a promising method for simulating fluid properties in such systems.Comment: RevTeX; 22 pages, 5 low-resolution figures. For full-resolution figures, connect to http://www.tcm.phy.cam.ac.uk/~ken21/tension/tension.htm

Upper limit on the ultra-high-energy photon flux from AGASA and Yakutsk data

We present the interpretation of the muon and scintillation signals of ultra-high-energy air showers observed by AGASA and Yakutsk extensive air shower array experiments. We consider case-by-case ten highest energy events with known muon content and conclude that at the 95% confidence level (C.L.) none of them was induced by a primary photon. Taking into account statistical fluctuations and differences in the energy estimation of proton and photon primaries, we derive an upper limit of 36% at 95% C.L. on the fraction of primary photons in the cosmic-ray flux above 10^20 eV. This result disfavors the Z-burst and superheavy dark-matter solutions to the GZK-cutoff problem.Comment: revtex, 8 pages, 4 figure