Energy level statistics in weakly disordered systems: from quantum to diffusive regime

We calculate two-point energy level correlation function in weakly disorderd metallic grain with taking account of localization corrections to the universal random matrix result. Using supersymmetric nonlinear sigma model and exactly integrating out spatially homogeneous modes, we derive the expression valid for arbitrary energy differences from quantum to diffusive regime for the system with broken time reversal symmetry. Our result coincides with the one obtained by Andreev and Altshuler [Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 902 (1995)] where homogeneous modes are perturbatively treated.Comment: 12 pages, no figure, REVTeX 3.1 with pLaTeX 2e; v2: minor grammatical change

Stress corrosion cracking of copper in swollen bentonite simulating nuclear waste disposal environment

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of pure copper in bentonite clay was examined using a slow strain rate test (SSRT). Bentonite was swollen with pure water or aqueous solutions containing NH₃ of 5 and 10 mM. Thick corrosion films and particulate deposits were formed on the copper surface after the SSRT. Typical tarnish rupture-type SCC occurred on pure copper in swollen bentonite with and without NH₃. The crack propagation rate was enhanced by NH₃. It is confirmed that a thick oxide layer was formed on copper during plastic deformation, resulting in tarnish crack-type SCC. Many particulate deposits observed on the surface were formed due to the rapid dissolution of Cu²⁺ ions to form porous CuO at local deformed sites, regardless of the SCC occurrence

ブルヴェ試験のフランス語 : 義務教育課程修了に必要なリテラシーとは

本稿ではDiplôme national du brevet（前期中等教育修了国家免状，以下，「ブルヴエ｣）取得に課せられている認定試験（以下，「ブルヴェ試験｣）で出題されるフランス語の試験問題を中心的論題として取り上げる1。試験問題の出題形式，内容を精査することによって，フランスの義務教育課程修了時に，どのようなフランス語力(リテラシー)が求められているかを，具体的に検討するためである。その準備作業として，まずブルヴェ試験とはどのような試験なのか，若干の説明が必要であろう。1948年から実施されているブルヴェの歴史については，上原秀一による明快な研究がある2。本稿では，なぜ近年ブルヴェヘの関心が，特にフランス語教育の分野で高まっているのかを考察する。その後に，試験問題の検討に移ることとする