School Health Organization at Junior High School Attached to the School Education,Okayama University

　岡山大学教育学部附属中学校における学校保健委員会の取組み，および学校保健委員会の資料の養護実習への活用について報告する。附属中学校の学校保健委員会は，①学校保健活動の全体像が理解されること，②課題が明確になる資料を工夫すること，③関係者の共通理解が図られること，の3つの視点から取組まれており，このことが日々の学校保健活動に対する有効な施策を協議するために重要であった。学校保健委員会の資料は同時に，養護実習において学生が学校保健活動を理解するための教材として活用できる

A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Management of Chronic Pain through a Self-managed Behavioral Exercise Program : A Pilot Study in Japan

We conducted this study to determine the short-term treatment outcomes of multidisciplinary approaches to chronic pain management for outpatients in Japan. We evaluated pain reduction and improvement in quality of life (QOL) after treatment. We analyzed 32 patients who had experienced intractable chronic pain for > 3 months. The patients received multidisciplinary therapeutic self-managed exercise instructions and then underwent evaluations 1 and 3 months after the treatment. We used the Pain Disability Short Form-36 (SF-36), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), and Pain Disability Assessment Scale (PDAS) to evaluate QOL. Although the pain levels were the same before and after the physical exercise program, the patients showed significant improvements in physical function on the SF-36 (48.5 vs. 54.5, 3 months vs. 1 month; p=0.0124), the magnification subscale on the PCS (6.8 vs. 5.9, 1 month vs. before; p=0.0164) and the PDAS (29.2 vs. 23.4, 3 months vs. before; p=0.0055). Chronic pain should be treated with a biopsychosocial approach, but time constraints and costs have limited the implementation of multidisciplinary and behavioral approaches to chronic pain management. Our findings demonstrate that clinical improvements are possible for patients with chronic pain, using multidisciplinary team resources widely available in Japanese clinical practice

Prognostic impact of complex and/or monosomal karyotypes in post‐transplant poor cytogenetic acute myeloid leukaemia: A quantitative approach

To evaluate the prognostic impact of complex karyotype (CK) and/or monosomal karyotype (MK) in combination with various clinical factors on allogeneic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) outcomes of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), we analysed the registry database of adult AML patients who underwent allogeneic HSCT between 2000 and 2019 in Japan. Among 16 094 patients, those with poor cytogenetic risk (N = 3345) showed poor overall survival (OS) after HSCT (25.3% at 5 years). Multivariate analyses revealed that CK and/or MK (hazard ratio [HR], 1.31 for CK without MK; 1.27 for MK without CK; and 1.73 for both), age at HSCT ≥50 years (HR, 1.58), male sex (HR, 1.40), performance status ≥2 (HR, 1.89), HCT-CI score ≥3 (HR, 1.23), non-remission status at HSCT (HR, 2.49), and time from diagnosis to HSCT ≥3 months (HR, 1.24) independently reduced post-HSCT OS among patients with poor cytogenetic risk AML. A risk scoring system based on the multivariate analysis successfully stratified patients into five distinct groups for OS. This study confirms the negative effects of CK and MK on post-HSCT outcomes, and offers a powerful risk scoring system for predicting prognoses after HSCT among AML patients with unfavourable cytogenetics

The ASTRO-H X-ray Observatory

The joint JAXA/NASA ASTRO-H mission is the sixth in a series of highly successful X-ray missions initiated by the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS). ASTRO-H will investigate the physics of the high-energy universe via a suite of four instruments, covering a very wide energy range, from 0.3 keV to 600 keV. These instruments include a high-resolution, high-throughput spectrometer sensitive over 0.3-2 keV with high spectral resolution of Delta E < 7 eV, enabled by a micro-calorimeter array located in the focal plane of thin-foil X-ray optics; hard X-ray imaging spectrometers covering 5-80 keV, located in the focal plane of multilayer-coated, focusing hard X-ray mirrors; a wide-field imaging spectrometer sensitive over 0.4-12 keV, with an X-ray CCD camera in the focal plane of a soft X-ray telescope; and a non-focusing Compton-camera type soft gamma-ray detector, sensitive in the 40-600 keV band. The simultaneous broad bandpass, coupled with high spectral resolution, will enable the pursuit of a wide variety of important science themes.Comment: 22 pages, 17 figures, Proceedings of the SPIE Astronomical Instrumentation "Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray

Examination of young children's fantasy-reality distinction task

This study used two different contents of the fantasy-reality distinction tasks to examine about more precisely fantasy-reality distinction task. The different contents were color of picture (color print or monochrome print) and instruction. Participants were 3 to 5-year olds preschoolers. The results were follows. (1) It was suggested that it is preferable to use the picture printed monochrome because there is a possibility that young children's understanding of the fantasy-reality distinction is influenced by color of picture. (2) As for the instruction about the content of the presented picture, it was suggested that it is preferable to instruct children including "happen in real life" and "happen only in the picture book"

SUPRAVITAL EXCITABILITY OF SKELETAL MUSCLE OF RATS AND BULLFROGS TO ELECTRICAL STIMULI

Supravital excitability to electrical stimuli (for convenience, supravital electrocontractility (S.Ec)) of the gastrocnemius muscle of rats and bullfrogs was examined after “somatic death” and the time during which S.Ec could be detected (S.Ec duration) was measured. S.Ec of the gastrocnemius muscle of rats and bullfrogs depended on temperature. The maximum S.Ec duration of the muscle of rats and bullfrogs were 110 min and 96 hr, respectively, at a low temperature (5°), and 60 min and 9 hr, respectively, at a high temperature (30°). The time course of rigor mortis at 5° was slow and it was rapid at 30°. In rats, the S.Ec disappeared completely before the onset of rigor mortis, and in bullfrogs, S.Ec existed at progressive stages of rigor mortis and it disappeared completely when rigor mortis reached about the maximum

Effect of magic word on young children's causal inference

本研究は, 実際には起こりえない現象についての因果推論に呪文が与える影響を検討することを目的とし, 3～5歳児に一般的な因果理解と魔術的な事柄に対する信念を尋ねる質問調査と, 箱の中に入れたものが消える現象を見せ, 呪文の有無による反応の違いを見る実験を行った。その結果, 呪文がある場合の方が原因を魔法や呪文に帰属する傾向が高くなることが明らかとなった。しかし, 驚きの程度は, 年少児は年長児にくらべて低かったが, 呪文の有無や魔術的な信念の高低によって異ならなかった。これらのことから, 3～5歳の幼児は, 年齢や魔術的な信念の高低にかかわらず, 日常的な因果理解に適合しない現象の原因を呪文や魔法へ帰属する傾向があることが示唆された

A case study on pretend play by three-year-olds and a teacher

This study investigated the pretend play by three-year olds, who newly entered a kindergarten, and their teacher. The investigators observed children's and their teacher's activities at free-playtime, once a week from April to July. The results of the observation show that in a sandbox, the children mainly enjoyed pretending to proper food with sand and water, occasionally changed their parts and plots about the play, and interacted with their teacher more frequently than their peers, while the teacher accepted and adapted children's intention in their play, tried to lead them to have a representative response jointly, and encouraged them to interact with mutually. Lastly, it was considered that the teacher played a role of a safety base for three-year-olds and contributed to new relationships between them

A description of the biotic learning in children and the role of teacher at the breeding activity : consideration to the case about the breeding of beetles at kindergarten

The purpose of this study is to describe the young children's learning of a living thing and the role of their teacher at a breeding activity. We focused on 6-year-olds at kindergarten, participated in the breeding of beetles. In our observation, children interacted with beetles, having intellectual curiosity, and gained new biological knowledge about them. In addition, they seemed to regard the beetles as creatures which had minds like human beings, but it was hard for them to be sympathetic to the beetles at all times. A teacher gave the children some clues for their intellectual findings, and admonished them to care the beetles more gently. These findings indicate that the teacher played a role to keep the balance of children's learning between natural science and bioethics at breeding