REVISITING THE APOLLO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC MAPPING SYSTEM

The integrated photogrammetric mapping system flown on the last three Apollo lunar missions (AS15, AS16, and AS17) in 1971 and 1972 incorporated a Metric (mapping) Camera, a high-resolution Panoramic Camera, and a star camera and laser altimeter. The U.S. Geological Survey’s Astrogeology Science Center, the Intelligent Robotics Group of the NASA Ames Research Center, and Arizona State University are working together in an ongoing collaboration to achieve the most complete cartographic development of Apollo mapping system data into versatile digital map products. These will enable a variety of scientific/engineering uses of the data including mission planning, geologic mapping, geophysical process modelling, slope dependent correction of spectral data, and change detection. After a brief discussion of the origins of the mapping system, we describe the Metric and Panoramic cameras, processing of the associated image and support data, work to photogrammetrically control the Metric Camera images, and future plans

R1514Q Substitution in LRRK2 is Not a Pathogenic Parkinson\u27s Disease Mutation

Mutations in LRRK2 were first reported as causing Parkinson\u27s disease (PD) in late 2004. Since then, approximately a dozen LRRK2 substitutions have been identified that are believed to be pathogenic mutations. The substitution of adenine for guanine at nucleotide 4541 (4541G\u3eA) in LRRK2 was recently reported. This substitution resulted in the replacement of an arginine at position 1514 with a glutamine (R1514Q). Although this substitution was not found in a large cohort of controls, its pathogenicity could not be verified. We have now genotyped the R1514Q substitution in a sample of 954 PD patients from 429 multiplex PD families. This substitution was identified in 1.8% of the PD patients; however, the majority of the PD sibships segregating this substitution were discordant for this putative mutation. In addition, the R1514Q substitution was detected in 1.4% of neurologically evaluated, control individuals. These data suggest that the R1514Q variant is not a pathogenic LRRK2 mutation. We believe it is imperative that the causative nature of any newly identified genetic variant be determined before it is included in any panel for diagnostic testing

Randomized Controlled Trial of Ethyl-Eicosapentaenoic Acid in Huntington Disease: The TREND-HD Study

To determine whether ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid (ethyl-EPA), an ...-3 fatty acid, improves the motor features of Huntington disease. Six-month multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial followed by a 6-month open-label phase without disclosing initial treatment assignments. Forty-one research sites in the United States and Canada. Three hundred sixteen adults with Huntington disease, enriched for a population with shorter trinucleotide (cytosine-adenine-guanine) repeat length expansions. Random assignment to placebo or ethyl-EPA, 1 g twice a day, followed by open-label treatment with ethyl-EPA. Six-month change in the Total Motor Score 4 component of the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale analyzed for all research participants and those with shorter cytosine-adenine-guanine repeat length expansions (<45). At 6 months, the Total Motor Score 4 point change for patients receiving ethyl-EPA did not differ from that for those receiving placebo. No differences were found in measures of function, cognition, or global impression. Before public disclosure of the 6-month placebo-controlled results, 192 individuals completed the open-label phase. The Total Motor Score 4 change did not worsen for those who received active treatment for 12 continuous months compared with those who received active treatment for only 6 months (2.0-point worsening; P = .02). Ethyl-EPA was not beneficial in patients with Huntington disease during 6 months of placebo-controlled evaluation. (ProQuest: ... denotes formulae/symbols omitted.