看護大学でのブタ胎児解剖

application/pdf2001 年に「コメディカル分野における解剖学実習の一例」というブタ胎児を用いた解剖学教育の実践h報告があった（千田と田口，2001）．人体解剖ができないコメディカル分野の学生にも，動物解剖という体験を通して生物としてのヒトの身体のつくりを理解できるように工夫された取組であった．この発表の後，本学の看護教育にもブタ胎児解剖の導入を試みた．最初は，夏休みに希望者を募ってセミナー方式でやってみた．その後は，基礎ゼミナールという科目の中で，10名ほどの学生と解剖を進めてきた．解剖の手順は，独自に編集した手引き書に従って剥皮から始め，頚部，胸部，腹部の順で進めたが，全身をくまなく解剖するには至らなかった．解剖というと「お腹を開いて内臓を見る」というイメージのみをもって臨んだ学生は，最初は戸惑いを隠せないが，自分で解剖し，記録し，発表し，最終的に文章にまとめることを通して，大学での学びを体験した．寄

Genetic Differentiation among Populations of the Kurokashiwa Breed of Indigenous Japanese Chickens Assessed by Microsatellite DNA Polymorphisms

The Kurokashiwa breed of native Japanese chickens is primarily reared in Shimane and Yamaguchi Prefectures, Japan. To reveal the genetic diversity and differentiation among the Kurokashiwa populations in both prefectures, 29 microsatellites were analyzed. To prepare the microsatellites, 54, 55, and 24 blood samples were collected from the Kurokashiwa populations of five fancy breeders in Shimane Prefecture, three fancy breeders in Yamaguchi Prefecture, and the Livestock Technology Research Department, Yamaguchi Prefectural Agriculture and Forestry General Technology Center (LTRDY), respectively. The corrected number of alleles (allelic richness: AR) was considerably low (1.63-2.48) through all Shimane and Yamaguchi populations. However, inbreeding coefficient (FIS) values were not significant in the entire Shimane and Yamaguchi ornamental populations as well as the LTRDY population. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference in expected heterozygosity (HE) through all populations in Shimane and Yamaguchi Prefectures, although the HE varied from 0.237 to 0.445 depending on populations. The topology of the phylogenetic tree, pairwise FST values, and STRUCTURE analysis indicated that Kurokashiwa populations were genetically separated between Shimane and Yamaguchi Prefectures. On the other hand, there was no genetic differentiation among ornamental populations within each prefecture, which seemed to have resulted from adequate random matings by exchanging individuals among fancy breeders within each conservation community, along with a proper random mating within LTRDY. The present study proposes a conservation strategy suggesting that the Kurokashiwa populations of Shimane and Yamaguchi Prefectures should be maintained separately with continuous exchange of birds within each conservation community to preserve genetic diversity. Also, the LTRDY population should be independently kept by avoiding matings with ornamental bird populations because it is a well established closed colony with a uniform genetic constitution

デジタル写真を用いた線画作成法

application/pdfArticle寄

Leptospira Is an Environmental Bacterium That Grows in Waterlogged Soil

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by infection with pathogenic leptospires. Consistent with recent studies by other groups, leptospires were isolated from 89 out of 110 (80.9%) soil or water samples from varied locations in the Philippines in our surveillance study, indicating that leptospires might have a life cycle that does not involve animal hosts. However, despite previous work, it has not been confirmed whether leptospires multiply in the soil environment under various experimental conditions. Given the fact that the case number of leptospirosis is increased after flood, we hypothesized that waterlogged soil, which mimics the postflooding environment, could be a suitable condition for growing leptospires. To verify this hypothesis, pathogenic and saprophytic leptospires were seeded in the bottles containing 2.5 times as much water as soil, and bacterial counts in the bottles were measured over time. Pathogenic and saprophytic leptospires were found to increase their number in waterlogged soil but not in water or soil alone. In addition, leptospires were reisolated from soil in closed tubes for as long as 379 days. These results indicate that leptospires are in a resting state in the soil and are able to proliferate with increased water content in the environment. This notion is strongly supported by observations that the case number of leptospirosis is significantly higher in rainy seasons and increased after flood. Therefore, we reached the following conclusion: environmental soil is a potential reservoir of leptospires. IMPORTANCE Since research on Leptospira has focused on pathogenic leptospires, which are supposed to multiply only in animal hosts, the life cycle of saprophytic leptospires has long been a mystery. This study demonstrates that both pathogenic and saprophytic leptospires multiply in the waterlogged soil, which mimics the postflooding environment. The present results potentially explain why leptospirosis frequently occurs after floods. Therefore, environmental soil is a potential reservoir of leptospires and leptospirosis is considered an environment-borne as well as a zoonotic disease. This is a significant report to reveal that leptospires multiply under environmental conditions, and this finding leads us to reconsider the ecology of leptospires

Response of a Micro Pixel Chamber to heavy ions with the energy of several hundreds of MeV/n

Beam tests were performed for a Micro Pixel Chamber (m-PIC) with a detection volume of 10 x 10 x 10 cm3 to investigate the response to heavy ions. The three dimensional tracks of carbon, silicon, and iron beams were successfully observed and their track lengths were measured. Additionally, Linear Energy Transfer (LET) distributions of each ion were obtained, and the mean LET values were consistent with the theoretical calculation of mass stopping power within an error of ~10%. This detector is a candidate for an ideal dosimeter in space