Shifting Focus in Development Studies : Papers in Development and Society , 1998-2013

How has development studies – especially the one on and in East Asia in general, and South Korea in particular – changed over the last decade and a half? We trace the recent trends through a review of articles published in Development and Society (D&S). Bibliographic metadata on a total of 201 authors and 199 papers for the period of 1998-2013 are collected and analyzed. For context, we find that, both in terms of authorship and regional coverage, the range of locales has expanded steadily. For content, research appears to have moved away from topics largely associated with quantity of development toward quality of development during the period. We conclude by discussing the implications for the future direction of development studies and suggesting strategies for D&S to follow in order to enhance its role in the field of development studies

The Formation and Differentiation of Modern Korean Music World

Translated from the article published in Culture and Society, vol. 10, 2011, with permission from the Korean Association for Sociology of CultureThis study examines the formation and characteristics of modern music world in colonial Korea during the 1930s. Modern Korean music world inherited the legacy of traditional Korean music, but at the same time was heavily influenced by the newly introduced western music and Japanese popular music. In analyzing the formation of music world, we focus on the dynamics between different musical genres and also on the relationships between composers and singers. Social Network Analysis of two-mode data on genre-singer, genrecomposer, and composer-singer networks reveals that boundaries between genres became more established over time and that the relationship between composers and singers show limited stability reflecting the high level of uncertainty in the market of popular music

Relationship between time of emergency department admission and adherence to the Surviving Sepsis Campaign bundle in patients with septic shock

Abstract Background Nighttime hospital admission is often associated with increased mortality risk in various diseases. This study investigated compliance rates with the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) 3-h bundle for daytime and nighttime emergency department (ED) admissions and the clinical impact of compliance on mortality in patients with septic shock. Methods We conducted an observational study using data from a prospective, multicenter registry for septic shock provided by the Korean Shock Society from 11 institutions from November 2015 to December 2017. The outcome was the compliance rate with the SSC 3-h bundle according to the time of arrival in the ED. Results A total of 2049 patients were enrolled. Compared with daytime admission, nighttime admission was associated with higher compliance with the administration of antibiotics within 3 h (adjusted odds ratio (adjOR), 1.326; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.088–1.617, p = 0.005) and with the complete SSC bundle (adjOR, 1.368; 95% CI, 1.115–1.678; p = 0.003), likely to result from the increased volume of all patients and sepsis patients admitted during daytime hours. The hazard ratios of the completion of SSC bundle for 28-day mortality and in-hospital mortality were 0.750 (95% CI 0.590–0.952, p = 0.018) and 0.714 (95% CI 0.564–0.904, p = 0.005), respectively. Conclusion Septic shock patients admitted to the ED during the daytime exhibited lower sepsis bundle compliance than those admitted at night. Both the higher number of admitted patients and the higher patients to medical staff ratio during daytime may be factors that are responsible for lowering the compliance

Korean Shock Society septic shock registry: a preliminary report

Objective To evaluate the clinical characteristics, therapeutic interventions, and outcomes of patients with septic shock admitted to the emergency department (ED). Methods This study was a preliminary, descriptive analysis of a prospective, multi-center, observational registry of the EDs of 10 hospitals participating in the Korean Shock Society. Patients aged 19 years or older who had a suspected or confirmed infection and evidence of refractory hypotension or hypoperfusion were included. Results A total of 468 patients were enrolled (median age, 71.3 years; male, 55.1%; refractory hypotension, 82.9%; hyperlactatemia without hypotension, 17.1%). Respiratory infection was the most common source of infection (31.0%). The median Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment score was 7.5. The sepsis bundle compliance was 91.2% for lactate measurement, 70.3% for blood culture, 68.4% for antibiotic administration, 80.3% for fluid resuscitation, 97.8% for vasopressor application, 68.0% for central venous pressure measurement, 22.0% for central venous oxygen saturation measurement, and 59.2% for repeated lactate measurement. Among patients who underwent interventions for source control (n=117, 25.1%), 43 (36.8%) received interventions within 12 hours of ED arrival. The in-hospital, 28-day, and 90-day mortality rates were 22.9%, 21.8%, and 27.1%, respectively. The median ED and hospital lengths of stay were 6.8 hours and 12 days, respectively. Conclusion This preliminary report revealed a mortality of over 20% in patients with septic shock, which suggests that there are areas for improvement in terms of the quality of initial resuscitation and outcomes of septic shock patients in the ED

Flux de ressources et réseaux inter-organisationnels. Prêts bancaires et représentation au conseil d'administration

Mark S. Mizruchi, Shin-Кар Han, Gwendolyn A. Dordick : Ressourcenfluss und interorganisationelle Netzwerke. Bankdarlehen und Sitz im Verwaltungsrat. Die Prüfung der Ressourcenflüsse zwischen Unternehmen ist häufig ein unvermeidlicher Schritt zur Prüfung der Theorien zu den interorganisationellen Netzwerken. Ausgehend von Daten zu Bankdarlehen an amerikanische Grossunternehmen zwischen 1938 und 1941, möchten wir die Verbindungen untersuchen, die zwischen dem Bankdarlehen und dem Sitz im Verwaltungsrat bestehen. Diese noch kürzlich unzugänglichen Daten ziegen, dass unter den Bankvertretern (Bankofficers), die in den Verwaltungsräten von Darlehen beantragenden Unternehmen sitzen, etwas weniger als die Hälfte aus den Darlehensbanken kommt. Die von uns entwickelte Theorie zeigt, dass die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Sitzes in dem Verwaltungsrat eines Unternehmens grösser wird, wenn der Darlehensbetrag gross und die Gewinne dieses Unternehmens klein sind. Das führt zum Schluss, dass ein Sitz von Finanzinstituten im Verwaltungsrat dieser Firmen ein Mittel für die Banken ist, ihre mit grossen Risiko behafteten Darlehen zu überwachen. Bankvertretern (Bankofficers), die in den Verwaltungsräten von Darlehen beantragenden Unternehmen sitzen, etwas weniger als die Hälfte aus den Darlehensbanken kommt. Die von uns entwickelte Theorie zeigt, dass die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Sitzes in dem Verwaltungsrat eines Unternehmens grösser wird, wenn der Darlehensbetrag gross und die Gewinne dieses Unternehmens klein sind. Das führt zum Schluss, dass ein Sitz von Finanzinstituten im Verwaltungsrat dieser Firmen ein Mittel für die Banken ist, ihre mit grossen Risiko behafteten Darlehen zu überwachen.Mark S. Mizruchi, Shin-Кар Han, Gwendolyn A. Dordick : Bank loans and corporate board representation. The relation between resource flows and interorganizational networks. Examination of resource exchanges between individual firms is often essential to test theories of interorganizational networks. Using previously unavailable data on bank loans to U.S. nonfinancial corporations from 1938 through 1941, this paper examines for the first time with U.S. data the relation between bank loans and board representation. Although most nonfinancial corporations have bank officers on their boards, fewer than half of these ties represent lending banks. Drawing on the resource dependence perspective, political sociology, and agency theory, we develop a model to predict the conditions under which the bankers on a firm's board represent the firm's lenders. Loans are most likely to be accompanied by board representation when the amounts are large and the firm's profits are low. This suggests that board representation is a means employed by banks to monitor their loans under high-risk conditions.L'examen des échanges de ressources entre entreprises est souvent une étape indispensable pour tester les théories des réseaux inter-organisationnels. A partir de données portant sur des prêts bancaires consentis à de grandes entreprises américaines entre 1938 et 1941, nous nous proposons d'étudier les relations existant entre prêts bancaires et représentation au conseil d'administration. Encore inaccessibles jusqu'à une date récente, ces données font apparaître que, parmi les banquiers (bank officers) siégeant au conseil d'administration des entreprises qui ont sollicité un prêt, un peu moins de la moitié vient des banques prêteuses. La théorie que nous développons ici montre que la probabilité d'une représentation au conseil d'administration d'une entreprise augmente lorsque le montant du prêt est élevé et que les profits de cette entreprise sont faibles. On en déduit qu'une représentation des organismes financiers au conseil de ces firmes est un moyen, pour les banques, de surveiller (to monitor) leurs prêts à haut risque.Mark Mizruchi, Shin-Кар Han, Gwendolyn A. Dordick : Flujo de recursos y redes inter-organizacionales prestamos bancarios y representación al consejo de administración. Entre empresas el examen de los cambios de recursos a menudo es una etapa indispensable para testear las teorías de las redes inter-organizacionales. Con los datos de los préstamos bancarios acordados entre 1938 y 1941 a grandes empresas americanas nos proponemos estudiar las relaciones existentes entre préstamos bancarios y representación al consejo de administración. Estos datos inaccessibles hasta hace poco, nos hacen ver que, en medio de los banqueros (bank officers) que pertenecen al consejo de administración de las empresas que han solicitado un préstamo, un poco menos de la mitad vienen de los bancos des préstamos. La teoría que desarrollamos aqui nos demuestra que la probabilidad de una representación al consejo de administración de una empresa aumenta cuando el monto del préstamo es superior y las utilidades de esta empresa son débiles. Se puede deducir que una representación de los organismos financieros al consejo de esas firmas es para los bancos, un medio, de supervisar (to monitor) sus préstamos a alto riesgo. banqueros (bank officers) que pertenecen al consejo de administración de las empresas que han solicitado un préstamo, un poco menos de la mitad vienen de los bancos des préstamos. La teoría que desarrollamos aqui nos demuestra que la probabilidad de una representación al consejo de administración de una empresa aumenta cuando el monto del préstamo es superior y las utilidades de esta empresa son débiles. Se puede deducir que una representación de los organismos financieros al consejo de esas firmas es para los bancos, un medio, de supervisar (to monitor) sus préstamos a alto riesgo.Mizruchi Mark S., Han Shin-Kap, Dordick Gwendolyn A. Flux de ressources et réseaux inter-organisationnels. Prêts bancaires et représentation au conseil d'administration. In: Revue française de sociologie, 1995, 36-4. Analyses de réseaux et structures relationnelles. Etudes réunies et présentées par Emmanuel Lazega, sous la direction de Emmanuel Lazega. pp. 655-684

Hypochloraemia is associated with 28-day mortality in patients with septic shock: a retrospective analysis of a multicentre prospective registry

Objectives Hyperchloraemia is associated with poor clinical outcomes in sepsis patients; however, this association is not well studied for hypochloraemia. We investigated the prevalence of chloride imbalance and the association between hypochloraemia and 28-day mortality in ED patients with septic shock. Methods A retrospective analysis of data from 11 multicentre EDs in the Republic of Korea prospectively collected from October 2015 to April 2018 was performed. Initial chloride levels were categorised as hypochloraemia, normochloraemia and hyperchloraemia, according to sodium chloride difference adjusted criteria. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. A multivariate logistic regression model adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities, acid-base state, sepsis-related organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, lactate and albumin level was used to test the association between the three chloride categories and 28-day mortality. Results Among 2037 enrolled patients, 394 (19.3%), 1582 (77.7%) and 61 (3.0%) patients had hypochloraemia, normochloraemia and hyperchloraemia, respectively. The unadjusted 28-day mortality rate in patients with hypochloraemia was 27.4% (95% CI, 23.1% to 32.1%), which was higher than in patients with normochloraemia (19.7%; 95% CI, 17.8% to 21.8%). Hypochloraemia was associated with an increase in the risk of 28-day mortality (adjusted OR (aOR), 1.36, 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.83) after adjusting for confounders. However, hyperchloraemia was not associated with 28-day mortality (aOR 1.35, 95% CI, 0.82 to 2.24). Conclusion Hypochloraemia was more frequently observed than hyperchloraemia in ED patients with septic shock and it was associated with 28-day mortality.N