6,636 research outputs found
Opportunistic Interference Mitigation Achieves Optimal Degrees-of-Freedom in Wireless Multi-cell Uplink Networks
We introduce an opportunistic interference mitigation (OIM) protocol, where a
user scheduling strategy is utilized in -cell uplink networks with
time-invariant channel coefficients and base stations (BSs) having
antennas. Each BS opportunistically selects a set of users who generate the
minimum interference to the other BSs. Two OIM protocols are shown according to
the number of simultaneously transmitting users per cell: opportunistic
interference nulling (OIN) and opportunistic interference alignment (OIA).
Then, their performance is analyzed in terms of degrees-of-freedom (DoFs). As
our main result, it is shown that DoFs are achievable under the OIN
protocol with selected users per cell, if the total number of users in
a cell scales at least as . Similarly, it turns out that
the OIA scheme with () selected users achieves DoFs, if scales
faster than . These results indicate that there exists a
trade-off between the achievable DoFs and the minimum required . By deriving
the corresponding upper bound on the DoFs, it is shown that the OIN scheme is
DoF optimal. Finally, numerical evaluation, a two-step scheduling method, and
the extension to multi-carrier scenarios are shown.Comment: 18 pages, 3 figures, Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Communication
A Novel Generator with Auxiliary Branch for Improving GAN Performance
The generator in the generative adversarial network (GAN) learns image
generation in a coarse-to-fine manner in which earlier layers learn the overall
structure of the image and the latter ones refine the details. To propagate the
coarse information well, recent works usually build their generators by
stacking up multiple residual blocks. Although the residual block can produce a
high-quality image as well as be trained stably, it often impedes the
information flow in the network. To alleviate this problem, this brief
introduces a novel generator architecture that produces the image by combining
features obtained through two different branches: the main and auxiliary
branches. The goal of the main branch is to produce the image by passing
through the multiple residual blocks, whereas the auxiliary branch is to convey
the coarse information in the earlier layer to the later one. To combine the
features in the main and auxiliary branches successfully, we also propose a
gated feature fusion module that controls the information flow in those
branches. To prove the superiority of the proposed method, this brief provides
extensive experiments using various standard datasets including CIFAR-10,
CIFAR-100, LSUN, CelebA-HQ, AFHQ, and tiny-ImageNet. Furthermore, we conducted
various ablation studies to demonstrate the generalization ability of the
proposed method. Quantitative evaluations prove that the proposed method
exhibits impressive GAN performance in terms of Inception score (IS) and
Frechet inception distance (FID). For instance, the proposed method boosts the
FID and IS scores on the tiny-ImageNet dataset from 35.13 to 25.00 and 20.23 to
25.57, respectively
TRACI Impact Assessment of Transportation Manufacturing Nexus in the U.S.: A Supply Chain-Linked Cradle-to-Gate LCA
Sustainable transportation is an inevitable component of sustainable development intitiatives for mitigating the climate change impacts and stabilizing the rising carbon emissions thus global temperature. In this context, comprehensive analysis of the environmental impact of transportation can play a critical role towards quantifying the midpoint environmental and human health related impacts associated with the transportation activities triggered by manufacturing sectors. This study traces the life cycle impact of the U.S. transportation and manufacturing sectorsâ nexus using Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemicals and Other Environmental Impacts (TRACI) in the context of the Economic Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment (EIO-LCA) framework considering the following midpoint impact categories: âglobal warmingâ, âparticulate matterâ, âeutrophicationâ, âacidificationâ, and âsmog airâ. Both direct (onsite) and indirect (supply chain) industriesâ relationships with transportation industry are considered as the main scope. Results indicated that top ten contributor manufacturing sectors accounted for over 55% total environmental impacts on each impact category. Additionally, based on the decomposition analysis, food manufacturing sector was found to be the major contributor to smog air with an approximate share of 21% in the entire supply chain. Automobile related manufacturing sectors also have significant impact on all five life cycle impact categories that the environmental impact of transportation is higher than on-site (direct) impact. Overall decomposition analysis of 53 manufacturing sector indicated that the environmental impact of transportation has severe effects on âsmog airâ, âeutrophicationâ and âacidificationâ with a share of 16.4%, 10.5%, and 6.0%, respectively. When we consider the average percentage share of transportation related environmental impact on the entire supply chain, U.S manufacturing sectors have a negative impact with a share of 18.8% of âsmog airâ, 16.8% for âeutrophicationâ, and 8.1% for âacidificationâ
Role of fairness, accountability, and transparency in algorithmic affordance
© 2019 Elsevier Ltd As algorithm-based services increase, social topics such as fairness, transparency, and accountability (FAT) must be addressed. This study conceptualizes such issues and examines how they influence the use and adoption of algorithm services. In particular, we investigate how trust is related to such issues and how trust influences the user experience of algorithm services. A multi-mixed method was used by integrating interpretive methods and surveys. The overall results show the heuristic role of fairness, accountability, and transparency, regarding their fundamental links to trust. Despite the importance of algorithms, no single testable definition has been observed. We reconstructed the understandings of algorithm and its affordance with user perception, invariant properties, and contextuality. The study concludes by arguing that algorithmic affordance offers a distinctive perspective on the conceptualization of algorithmic process. Individualsâ perceptions of FAT and how they actually perceive them are important topics for further study
Contextualizing privacy on health-related use of information technology
© 2019 Elsevier Ltd Privacy amid rapid digitalization of medical records is a critical ingredient to the success of electronic-based health service. This paper explores the potential roles of privacy attitudes concerning medical data, based on a large set of a national sample data (n = 2638) from the U.S. Health Information National Trend Survey. We examine the ways in which privacy concern and confidence are (a) mediated through one\u27s interest in sharing information with health professionals and (b) moderated by one\u27s medical condition and the reliance on Internet. Evidence from this study provides insights into the factors shaping health-related engagement in information technologies, helping us argue that privacy is a key predictor. Discussion offers interpretations of how people\u27s perceived need of medical data will mediate privacy concern, contextualizing the affordances of health technologies in future algorithmic applications
Object-Aware Impedance Control for Human-Robot Collaborative Task with Online Object Parameter Estimation
Physical human-robot interactions (pHRIs) can improve robot autonomy and
reduce physical demands on humans. In this paper, we consider a collaborative
task with a considerably long object and no prior knowledge of the object's
parameters. An integrated control framework with an online object parameter
estimator and a Cartesian object-aware impedance controller is proposed to
realize complicated scenarios. During the transportation task, the object
parameters are estimated online while a robot and human lift an object. The
perturbation motion is incorporated into the null space of the desired
trajectory to enhance the estimator accuracy. An object-aware impedance
controller is designed using the real-time estimation results to effectively
transmit the intended human motion to the robot through the object.
Experimental demonstrations of collaborative tasks, including object
transportation and assembly tasks, are implemented to show the effectiveness of
our proposed method.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, for associated video, see
https://youtu.be/bGH6GAFlRgA?si=wXj_SRzEE8BYoV2
Can One Achieve Multiuser Diversity in Uplink Multi-Cell Networks?
We introduce a distributed opportunistic scheduling (DOS) strategy, based on
two pre-determined thresholds, for uplink -cell networks with time-invariant
channel coefficients. Each base station (BS) opportunistically selects a mobile
station (MS) who has a large signal strength of the desired channel link among
a set of MSs generating a sufficiently small interference to other BSs. Then,
performance on the achievable throughput scaling law is analyzed. As our main
result, it is shown that the achievable sum-rate scales as
in a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime, if the
total number of users in a cell, , scales faster than
for a constant . This
result indicates that the proposed scheme achieves the multiuser diversity gain
as well as the degrees-of-freedom gain even under multi-cell environments.
Simulation results show that the DOS provides a better sum-rate throughput over
conventional schemes.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, to appear in IEEE Transactions on
Communication
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