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Primary Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor of the Conus Medullaris in an Elderly Patient: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Primary spinal primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) are very rare conditions. Most of these tumors occur in children and young adults. A 63-year-old man with a primary spinal PNET in the conus medullaris from the L1 to L2 level is presented in this report. The optimal treatment of primary spinal PNETs is yet unknown. Surgical resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy have been advocated for the treatment of spinal PNET based on PNETs at other sites. However, the outcome is very poor. There are a few reports of cases with long-term survival and no recurrence. In these patients, en bloc resections were performed
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Adrenomedullin in peritoneal effluent expressed by peritoneal mesothelial cells
BACKGROUND: Adrenomedullin (AM) possesses vasodilative and cell-protective properties. Glycine combines with the C-terminal of AM to form mature, physiologically active AM (mAM). AM is reportedly induced by high glucose condition in vascular endothelial or smooth muscle cells; however, little is known on how AM is activated by amidation. To investigate the behavior of AM in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD), the concentrations of AM, mAM and CA125 were measured. The mAM to AM ratio (mAM/AM ratio) was also evaluated as a marker of amidation activity. METHODS: Twenty patients were recruited for this study. The effluent at the time of the peritoneal equilibration test was collected and AM, mAM and CA125 concentrations were measured. The expression of AM in peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) collected from effluent was also examined with an indirect immunofluorescent method. RESULTS: Mean values of AM and mAM in effluent were 18.1 ± 1.6 and 4.1 ± 0.3 fmol/mL, respectively. In plasma, they were 42.6 ± 3.3 and 5.6 ± 0.6 fmol/mL, respectively. AM concentrations in effluent did not correlate with plasma AM level but correlated well with the dialysate-to-plasma ratio of creatinine (D/P ratio of creatinine). Moreover, in 7 of 20 cases, concentrations of the mAM and mAM/AM ratio in effluent were higher than in plasma. In effluent, AM concentration but not the mAM/AM ratio correlated with CA125 concentration. Immunocytological study revealed diffuse, cytoplasmic expression of AM in PMCs which were collected from effluent during PD. CONCLUSION: AM is expressed by PMCs and actively amidated in the abdominal cavity of patients undergoing PD
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æ¬çš¿ã§ã¯ãæ¥æ¬ã«ãããå°åæåCSRã®æè¿ã®ååãæ€èšŒããªããã2012幎ã«å®æœããé岡çé å·å°åã®äŒæ¥ã®ç€ŸäŒè²¢ç®æŽ»å調æ»ã®çµæãããšã«ãå°åæåCSRã®å¯èœæ§ãæ€èšŒãããã®ã§ãããThis paper is the report to clarify the Community oriented CSR activities in Japan using the recent research result of the Social Contribution of corporations in Shizuoka Enshu Area, Japan, conducted in 2012
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¬è²»ã®æ¿«çšãé²ãããã®æªæ¥ã®é¢ä¿ãšå¶åºŠã®ããæ¹ãæ¢ããThis paper is the report on the previous disccsuions of the unconstitutionality of Article 89 when NationalGovernment and Local Goernments provide funds to private nonprofit organizations, including the discussion after theestablishment of the Act on Promotion of Specified Non-profit Activities. In addition, it observes how the "the controlof public" of article 89 influenced on government funding system to NPOs & NGOs , specially NGO funding systemis critically analyzed. The ideal relationship and funding system which preventing misuse of taxies will be explored,sustaining NGO indepencence
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