Morphological Studies of Head Hair in Ainu.

By using randomly chosen hair samples of 590 strands, consisting of 5 strands on an average for each region of the frontal, parietal, and occipital, from 40 individuals of both sexes of the Ainu, the metrical traits of five objects (length of major axis, length of minor axis, index, size, and area) and the medulla properties were investigated about various phases of the head hairs in this study. 1. Hair type, expressed in an index, is referred to as long elliptic form in each region of both sexes after maturity. 2. Differences among individual means of 20 persons in both sexes are highly significant for all five objects. 3. Indices of each region of females invariably show a slightly higher value than those of males. Regional differences are insignificant between means of the five objects, but sex differences of the same region are significant in the length of major axis and in the size of the occipital region. 4. Age differences between the first and second age groups are significant in each object, without index, of the parietal region of both sexes, and besides these age differences are significant in the length of minor axis, size, and area of the frontal and occipital regions of only females. Meanwhile, sex differences between the same age groups, excluding the third age group, show insignificance in any objects. 5. Of medulla indices, regional differences are significant in both sexes between the frontal and the parietal regions, and in males between the frontal regions, as well. Sex differences on the medulla index are insignificant in the three regions. 6. On the occurrences of the medullary types, generally, the discontinuous type shows in a higher frequency, and the absent type occupies next rank to the above type, and further the continuous type occurs in a lower frequency. In analysing regional, sex, and age differences, there are a certain peculiarity among proportions of the medullary types. 7. Between hair sizes of the same medullary types, regional differences are not estimated. But significant sex differences between the same medullary types are verified statistically both in the continuous types of the frontal region and in the absent types of the occipital region. Differences between hair sizes of each medullary types in each region of both sexes are attested to be significant in all except for a few instances. 8. In discussing hair properties of the Ainu to the other races, the differences among races seem to be significant in various phases of the cross sections and medullations of the hair shafts.departmental bulletin pape

Morphology of Mimic Muscles in Ainu and its Anthropological Survey.

In the mimic muscle of 11 cadavers, consisting of 7 male, 3 female and a half-blooded Ainu, specific characters of peculiar muscle have been investigated from morphological and statistical viewpoints. And further its racial traits, compared with the musculation of another populations, are clarified as the following : 1. The platysma develops weakly in the labial and buccal portion but has no differentiation in primitive types. The pars aberrans ascenders with a strongly isolated state is not seen. The mandibulo-marginalis muscle is absent in all the Ainu. 2. The transversus menti muscle possesses a tendency to occur with a lower frequency in the populations, but does not exhibit specific musculature, as in independent manner. 3. The risorius muscle observed by the fivefold classification is noted to present the highest frequency of the platysma-risorius muscle.. The occurrence of the risorius is estimated to fall in a higher incidence in the population. 4. The zygomaticus major muscle is relatively poor in variability, and the fibers connected with the adjacent muscles scarcely reveal any distinctive figures. On the left side of the half-blooded Ainu, the muscle may be an anomaly to clarify. 5. The orbicularis oculi muscle shows that the deflected fibers, isolated specially toward the medial direction, become formed very frequently in the inferior lateral quadrant. This character appears to agree with the genetical view. 6. The auricularis anterior muscle is presumed to occur concordantly on both sides. And its occurrence drops into a higher group in the populations. 7. The auricularis posterior muscle appears in the highest frequency with a single belly. Then the differentiating degree is assessed to be very feeble in all the populations. 8. The transversus nuchae muscle is deleted in the Ainu. Its genetic property seems likely to be compatible with the auricularis posterior muscle

鉄道用大容量走行中非接触給電の二次コイルシステムに関する研究

学位の種別: 論文博士審査委員会委員 : （主査）東京大学教授 大崎 博之, 東京大学教授 堀 洋一, 東京大学教授 横山 明彦, 東京大学教授 古関 隆章, 東京大学特任教授 水間 毅, 東京大学特任講師 居村 岳広University of Tokyo(東京大学

Reproductive ecology of dominant dinoflagellate, Ceratium furca, in the coastal area of Sagami Bay

Reproductive ecology of dinoflagellate, Ceratium furca, was studied in the coastal area of Sagami Bay. Field samplings and laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate seasonal changes of the field population and effects of temperature, salinity and irradiance on the growth rate of C. furca. Abundance of the species increased significantly from April to September and was decreased in November. In particular, the population increased during the spring when the water column was weakly stratified and relatively low nutrient conditions were observed in the surface layer. High growth rates of C. furca were observed at the conditions of 20-28℃, 17-34 PSU and 216-800μEm^s^ with the highest growth rate (μ=0.72d^) being observed at 24℃, 30 PSU and 600μEm^s^. In addition, the growth rates increased gradually with increasing irradiance from 58 to 216μEm^s^ in the all salinity conditions, and afterwards the rates reached plateaus between 216 and 796μEm^s^. The field survey and laboratory experiments indicated that the species is distributed throughout the year and adapted to a wide-range of environmental fluctuations such as water temperature, salinity, irradiance and nutrients. These specific characteristics make C. furca one of the dominant dinoflagellates in the coastal area

Reproductive strategy of Acartia steueri in Sagami Bay, Japan

Reproduction, hatching success and population dynamics of the dominant copepod Acartia steueri were studied in Sagami Bay, Japan from February 2002 to December 2003. A. steueri occurred through the year in the water column, and it produced physiologically different eggs, subitaneous and diapausing. Subitaneous eggs were produced through the experimental period, whereas diapausing ones were restricted from February to August in both years. Population egg production rate (EPR) increased with the abundance of adult males and females from February and reached maximum in June. However, planktonic population of A. steueri did not increase during summer to winter because diapausing eggs occupied a great part of their reproduction (～98%). Recruitment rates in October to December 2002 and September 2003 were higher than population EPR, implying that diapausing eggs of A. steueri had a key role to support the recruitment into water column when the reproductive ability of the population diminished rather than to contribute to an increase of the planktonic population rapidly in their favorable seasons

The Dynamics of Area Brand : Case of the Japanese Black Rice Vinegar

黒酢市場における地域ブランド戦略の創発条件を比較事例分析によって特定化することがこの論文の狙いである.黒酢は元々,1800年代から今日まで鹿児島県の福山地区で生産されている日本の伝統的な米酢である.黒酢は,安全で健康に良い食品を求める消費者の強いニーズを背景に,今日の日本で次第に人気が上がってきている.最近では,食酢業界の大手企業が参入し,その結果,黒酢市場における競争の激しさは高まってきている.このような状況下で,ひとつめ戦略グループとして,地域ブランド戦略が創発してきた.比較事例分析を通じて、その創発条件は,生産技術の地域粘着性の制約が強いことと,製品について業界レベルの標準規格が存在すること,が発見された.This study investigated conditions surrounding the emergence of an area brand strategy in the Japanese Black Rice Vinegar ("kurozu") market by comparative case analysis. "Kurozu" is a traditional rice vinegar produced originally in the Fukuyama area of Kagoshima prefecture in Japan since the 1800s. This vinegar is becoming increasingly popular in Japan against a background of the consumer\u27s strong needs for safe and healthy foods. Recently, big enterprises in the vinegar industry have entered into the "kurozu" market, and consequently, market competition has become increasingly intensified. Under such conditions, an area brand strategy has emerged as a strategic group in the "kurozu" market. We found that the conditions surrounding the emergence of the strategy are the strong restraint of local stickiness of production technology and the existence of industrial standards for the product

Characterization of the phytoplankton size composition and light absorption coefficient in the temperate coastal waters of Sagami Bay

Phytoplankton constitute the base of the aquatic food web and are the primary driver of biogeochemical processes such as the e port of carbon to the deep ocean. Knowledge of the distributions, compositions, and biomass of the phytoplankton community are essential to under stand biogeochemical cycles. Phytoplankton can be enumerated by microscopy, but this requires e tensive time for sample preparation and counting, especially if statistically valid counts of the less abundant phytoplankton classes are required. Further, smaller picoplankton can be difficult to identify since they lack ta onomically e ternal morphological features. Thus, the accessory pigment-based model has been used to estimate phytoplankton communities based on their size classes: micro- (M; > 20 µm), nano- (N; 2-20 µm) and pico-phytoplankton (P; < 2 µm). Light absorption by phytoplankton has a direct influence on the optical properties of seawater, and there is a growing effort to develop approaches to identify the spatial and temporal variability of the phytoplankton community from satellites. However, estimating the phytoplankton com munity in optically comple coastal waters from satellites is still a challenging problem because phytoplankton are only one of multiple optically significant constituents of seawater. Also, there are limitations of wavelength that satellites can measure, and overlapping signature pigment of each phytoplankton community. In order to improve the estimation of phytoplankton communi ties, it is necessary to understand the light absorption coefficient of phytoplankton, aph (,,) asso ciated with the varying community structure. The objective of this study was to characterize the variability of phytoplankton size classes and their light absorption coefficients in the temperate coastal waters of Sagami Bay. The specific objectives were (1) to classify phytoplankton com munities based on cell size, (2) to investigate co-variability of aph (,,) spectra according to the classification. The present study conducted in situ observations from April 2016 to September 2022 at Station M (St. M: 35° 09’ 45” N, 139° 10’00” E) in the temporal coastal waters of Sagami Bay, Japan. Water samples for pigments and light absorption properties of phytoplankton were collected from surface water with a bucket, and measured by high-performance liquid chroma tography and spectrophotometry, respectively. Phytoplankton size class composition was esti mated based on pigment concentrations. The results showed that the three groups (Group M, N, P) generated according to the phytoplankton size composition were significantly different (R = 0.646, p < 0.001). Also, the most dominant group throughout the study period was microplank ton (n = 110). The aph (,,) spectra showed peaks around 438 nm and 465 nm in the blue band and 674 nm in the red band. Using three wavelengths peaks, although the aph (,,) of group M was sig nificantly higher than that of group N, Group P was not significantly different from other groups. This study suggests that the aph (,,) spectrum in the temperate coastal waters of Sagami Bay is significantly co-varying with the variability of phytoplankton size composition. The results sug gest that analyzing the difference in aph (,,) spectra ratios and performing derivative analysis, coupled with analysis of phytoplankton size distribution and pigment composition should im prove our ability to characterize phytoplankton spatio-temporal distribution from space.departmental bulletin pape

Brothers with genu recurvatum

ArticleKNEE. 14(6): 500-501 (2007)journal articl