Cryosurgical Hemorrhoidectomy: Technique and Method

The key to gain successful results with cryosurgical hemorrhoidectomy is based on the prevention of prolapse of the edematous tissue after freezing. To prevent the edema, it is important to pull out the hemorrhoid as much as possible during freezing, to freeze only on the rectal side of the anal verge, to avoid freezing the anal verge, and to freeze the hemorrhoids in two or three separate stages when they are large such as the fourth-degree. The anal discomfort and discharge in these patients are related to prolapse of frozen tissue. Cryosurgery is an effective method of treatment for hemorrhoids if care is taken to use the proper techniques

A Cystic Lymphangioma of the Colon Seen in a Patient with Early Gastric Cancer

Lymphangiomas are very rare benign neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. A case of cystic lymphangioma in the hepatic flexure of the colon seen in patient with early gastric cancer is reported and the literature is reviewed

Lymphangioma of the Small Intestine : A Case Report

Lymphangiomas of the small intestine are rare tumors arising from masses of dilated lymphatic vessels in the submucosa. There are 11 cases of lymphangioma of the small intestine in the Japanese literature. We report a case of lymphangioma of the jejunum seen in a 76-year-old female and discuss with clinical feature

The role of peptide motifs in the evolution of a protein network

Naturally occurring proteins in cellular networks often share peptide motifs. These motifs have been known to play a pivotal role in protein interactions among the components of a network. However, it remains unknown how these motifs have contributed to the evolution of the protein network. Here we addressed this issue by a synthetic biology approach. Through the motif programming method, we have constructed an artificial protein library by mixing four peptide motifs shared among the Bcl-2 family proteins that positively or negatively regulate the apoptosis networks. We found one strong pro-apoptotic protein, d29, and two proteins having moderate, but unambiguous anti-apoptotic functions, a10 and d16, from the 28 tested clones. Thus both the pro- and anti-apoptotic modulators were present in the library, demonstrating that functional proteins with opposing effects can emerge from a single pool prepared from common motifs. Motif programming studies have exhibited that the annotated function of the motifs were significantly influenced by the context that the motifs embedded. The results further revealed that reshuffling of a set of motifs realized the promiscuous state of protein, from which disparate functions could emerge. Our finding suggests that motifs contributed to the plastic evolvability of the protein network