Poisoning during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown: retrospective analysis of exposures reported to the Poison Unit of the Mansoura Emergency Hospital

AbstractIntroduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), originated in late December 2019, in Wuhan, China. The World Health Organization declared a pandemic on 11 March 2020, with the rapidly rising number of cases and fatalities over hours and days all around the world.Aim To assess the number and the trend of the poisoning consultations to the Poison Unit in the Mansoura Emergency Hospital during the era of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.Methods We collected data from the database of the Poison Unit and the Statistics Department of the Mansoura Emergency Hospital of the cases and the calls coming to the Poison Unit in the period from January 2018 through December 2020. We compared 2020 exposures to 2018–2019 exposures by using simple logistic models to provide effect size with odds ratios.Results The Mansoura Emergency Hospital Poison Unit treated 1752 cases in 2020, compared to 2210 cases in 2018 and 2539 cases in 2019. The Poison Unit treated 26% fewer patients in 2020 than either 2018 or 2019), while calls increased nearly 50% in 2020 than in 2018 and 2019. Calls came more frequently from the general public than health professionals and more frequently in afternoon and evening than in the morning. There was a significant increase in the cases of pharmaceuticals ingestion, food poisoning, corrosives and households exposures in 2020 compared to 2018 and 2019 (p-value 0.004, 0.024, and 0.0002, respectively; odds ratio 1.224, 1.691, and 1.692, respectively).Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic changed the pattern of poisoning exposure and use of the Poison Control Center services

Heavy metals assessment in Egyptian smokers with lung cancer

Background Smoking and heavy metals are major risk factors and have an important role in development of lung cancer. Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between development of lung cancer and the synergistic effect of smoking and heavy metals in Egyptian smokers. Patients and methods A total of 41 participants enrolled in this study and were subdivided into three groups: smokers with lung cancer (n=11), nonsmokers with lung cancer (n=15), and apparently healthy smokers (n=15). The diagnosis and types of lung cancer based on pathological examination of biopsies taken either by computed tomography-guided, ultrasound-guided, fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB), and blind or thoracoscopic pleural biopsy. Serum levels of five heavy metals (zinc, lead, nickel, manganese, chromium) were assayed using inductive plasma spectrometry. Results Squamous cell carcinoma represents the major type of lung cancer (72.7%) among group of smokers with lung cancer; however, adenocarcinoma either primary or metastatic represents the major type (93.4%) among the nonsmoker group, and all investigated heavy metals in this study (zinc, lead, nickel, manganese, chromium) express significantly higher mean value of their serum levels (P=0.005, 0.005, 0.006, <0.001, and 0.007, respectively) in case of squamous cell carcinoma compared with adenocarcinoma. There is no impact of the degree of severity of smoking on serum levels of all investigated heavy metals. Conclusion Squamous cell carcinoma has been strongly associated with higher serum levels of all investigated heavy metals. There is no association between degree of severity of smoking and serum levels of all investigated heavy metals