The Lower Jawbone of Mehraban Sheep: A Descriptive Morphometric Approach

ABSTRACT This study aimed to measure some clinically important landmarks useful for regional anesthesia in the mandibular regions of Mehraban sheep. The distance between the lateral ends of the alveolus of the incisor tooth to the mental foramen was 2.07±0.45 cm. The length and maximum height of the mandibles were 15.76±2.25 cm and 9.57±2.71 cm, respectively. The distance from caudal border of mandible to beneath of mandibular foramen was 1.74±0.33 cm, while the distance from the mandibular foramen to the base of the mandible and caudal border of mandible to the level of mandibular foramen were 4.14±0.47 cm and 1.35±0.29 cm, respectively and the length of diastema was measured 3.98±0.48 cm

Veterinary nanomedicine: Pros and cons

Abstract In recent years, nanotechnology has improved life with continuous growth in different fields. Nanoparticles can be employed in industry, imaging, engineering, and various biomedical filed because of their special physicochemical properties like rapid, effective, highly specific solutions, higher stability, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and cost. In this line, veterinary medicine has been influenced by nanotechnology in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases, cancer therapy, immunization, vaccine production, drug delivery, and health besides to related issues of animal production, maintenance, and welfare. The other important point is the interwoven linkage between animals and humans whether as a food source or as a companionship. Inorganic nanoparticles, polymeric, solid lipid, liposomal, nanocrystal, nanotubes, nanoemulsions, micelles, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, and dendrimers are kinds of nanoparticles that can be used widely. In this review, the impacts of nanotechnology on veterinary medicine have been summarized, criticized, and acknowledged as “veterinary nanomedicine” discipline