TOLERANCE AGAINST HEAVY METAL TOXICITY IN CYANOBACTERIA: ROLE OF ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE SYSTEM

The toxicity of heavy metals is reviewed with reference to Cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria also known as blue green algae are primitive photosynthetic prokaryotic microorganism which has high economic importance due to various bioactive compounds. Cyanobacteria are exposed to heavy metal stress since these are widely distributed. Heavy metal enters into the cell through various interactions between metal ions and functional groups present at the cell surface and cause toxicity. Heavy metals also cause oxidative stress by generation of reactive oxygen species, including superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical which are highly reactive and toxic and cause damage to nucleic acid, protein, and lipid. Cyanobacteria have evolved strategies to overcome the effect of reactive oxygen species that include antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and Glutathione reductase

Terrorism and Role of Media

Terrorism is the systematic use of terror, violent or destructive acts committed by groups in order to intimidate a population or government into granting their demands. All the developed, developing nations have confronted the horrors of Terrorism. It is one of him devastating threats for the whole world. Due to the advent of Terrorism in humane life, we have been confined to in destruction. To live the life of a common man becomes unendurable. Further the role of media and science is very much evident in Terrorism. Terror means disastrous fear. It becomes highly destructive and leading us towards the Holocaust. This paper proposes to examine the role of media in Terrorism. Really, it is the need of the hour that we should have to awaken our society. Technology has enabled Terrorism and Terrorism to create havoc in the world. But at the same time there are so many solutions which can be found & implemented by the technologies. Therefore, here in such circumstances, we have to take an oath to fight against Terrorism and establish ourselves well equipped and enforced. It will also not come to happen without the optimum utilization of technology. The paper illustrates definition, types, history of Terrorism and history of Terrorists group too in brief. It also gives an outline of Terrorism by ideology, involvement of state etc. A successful attempt has also been made to rule out the basic cause of terrorism and role of media in terrorism. As Terrorism appears to be one of the burning issues in present state of world However, this paper is going evaluate the role of media in the Terrorism

Testicular Vein Syndrome and Its Treatment with a Laparoscopic Approach

A laparoscopic approach was found to be safe and effective for the treatment of a patient with testicular vein syndrome

Acute fulminant necrotizing amoebic colitis: a rare and fatal complication of amoebiasis: a case report

Acute Fulminant Necrotizing Amoebic Colitis is a rare complication of amoebiasis that is associated with high mortality. Only one to four such cases are seen per year in large hospitals of India, and only few such cases have been reported in the literature. The condition requires early diagnosis and surgical intervention. We recently cared for a patient who presented with acute abdomen with history of intermittent abdominal pain and diarrhea. Before presenting to our institution he was misdiagnosed as a case of inflammatory bowel disease and had been treated with steroids. On emergency exploration, extensive necrosis and multiple perforations in retroperitoneum involving entire colon were seen. Total colectomy with ileostomy was performed. Postoperative course was marked by septicaemia and multi-organ failure followed by death. This case report emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of acute FAC, and associated high mortality

A Rare Case of Primary Mucinous Cystadenoma of Spleen

Mucinous cystadenomas are relatively uncommon benign cystic tumors. Most of them are found in the ovary, pancreas, and appendix. Primary mucinous cystadenoma of spleen is extremely rare and only countable cases have been recorded. These are assumed to arise from heterotopic pancreatic tissue or invaginated spleenic capsular mesothelium. We present a rare case of primary mucinous cystadenoma of spleen without pancreatic tissue in it. Exact tissue of origin could not be determined

Predictors of Practice of breast self-examination among women in District Ambala (Haryana)

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and its early detection is critical to improve survival. Breast self-examination is a cheap, basic and non-intellectual method to detect breast cancer. Aims and objectives: 1To determine the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding breast self-examination2. To explain the various factors which affect the practice of BSE Material and Methods: The present study was carried out among 300 women residing in rural and urban areas of district Ambala using a self-designed pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Results: In this study 127 (42.3%) of the participants had heard of BSE and 107 (35.7%) of the participants knew how to perform BSE.  Overall, 47.7%, 30.3%, and 22% of the study participants had poor (<50%), medium (50–75%), and good knowledge (>75) on BSE, respectively. Educational qualification, knowing the three positions to perform BSE, knowing how often should BSE be done, taught how to do BSE, BSE is a useful tool to detect breast cancer were seen to be significantly associated   with practice of BSE. Conclusion: This study elucidates that the knowledge as well as practice of BSE was significantly low in the population. This study provides insights into the various factors which affect the practice of BSE

Per operative findings in repeat cesarean section

Background: Cesarean section is the commonest obstetric procedure done worldwide. Incidence of cesarean section is increasing giving it a term “repeat cesarean section”. Repeat cesarean section makes future obstetrics performances and abdominal exploration risky. After any Laparotomy it is fairly common to develop scar tissue, or adhesion. The scarring and adhesion formation is known to increase the major complications rate from 4.3% to 12.5% depending on the number of previous section. Intra peritoneal adhesions have an incidence of 5.5% to 42.5%.Methods: An observational prospective study was conducted in Obstetrics and gynecology department of Era’s Lucknow Medical College, Lucknow. Total 80 cases of repeat cesarean sections were included. The case histories and intra operative findings were recorded.Results: Intra peritoneal adhesions of varied types were seen in majority of cases, out of which the most commonly seen adhesion was between parietal peritoneum and anterior surface of uterus 24(30%) and adhesion between bladder and uterus 24(30%).Conclusions: Chances of developing adhesions increases with each cesarean section, which leads to increase in morbidity of women. Thus cases of previous cesarean section should be educated about routine antenatal care

A Conceptual Study on Women Empowerment-Facts and Realities

Abstract: India with its diversity and rich heritage has an ugly side to it. If women have been worshipped a

Physiological phimosis-the tincture of time

Background: Phimosis is one of the commonest presentations in the pediatric surgery outdoor. The main concern has been over avoidance of surgery in physiological phimosis. Different protocols have been proposed from time to time.Methods: An observational study was carried out in the pediatric surgery outdoor of SMS Medical College Jaipur, Rajasthan, India in 40 children aged 5 years or above who were treated for physiological phimosis by non-operative methods at some stage.Results: Ninety percent of the patients had resolution of phimosis by conservative means. The remaining patients were having difficulty in retraction, but no complications were identified in any patient.Conclusions: Phimosis is physiological and management should be restricted to reassurance in all cases that have no evidence of scarring or associated pathologies

Fulminant reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome in post-partum female

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is a clinical and radiologic syndrome that represents a common presentation of a diverse group of disorders. Call-Fleming syndrome which is a part of RCVS group. We present a case of 30 year old primigravida who developed thunderclap headache followed by seizures on her day 1 of postpartum period. MRI revealed left anterior cerebral artery infarct with vasoconstriction of bilateral internal carotid arteries and its branches. She was managed conservatively. Follow up on 25th day revealed complete reversal of vasoconstriction in above mentioned arteries which confirmed the diagnosis of Call-Fleming syndrome. Patient had residual aphasia and right lower limb paresis on 2 months follow up