The Structure of Liquid Hg-Na and Hg-K Alloys

The X-ray scattering intensity of liquid Hg-Na and Hg-K alloys have been measured along their liquidus temperatures. The change in the total structure factors by alloying is small up to 70 at. % of alkali metals in both systems, although the category of compound forming has been frequently discussed in these liquid alloys. The partial structure factors of these alloys were also obtained assuming that each partial structure is independent of concentration at their liqudius temperatures. The partial structure factor of mercury atom pairs in both alloy systems showed the deviation from that of pure liquid mercury, i. e., the profile of the partial structure factor was more like that of the hard sphere fluids

Electrical Conductivity of Molten Salts and Ionic Conduction in Electrolyte Solutions

A microscopic description for the partial DC conductivities in molten salts has been discussed by using a Langevin equation for the constituent ions. The memory function γ(t) can be written as in the form of a decaying function with time. In order to solve the mutual relation between the combined-velocity correlation functions Zσ±(t) and the memory function γ(t) in a short time region, a new recursion method is proposed. Practical application is carried out for molten NaCl by using MD simulation. The fitted function is described by three kinds of Gaussian functions and their physical backgrounds are discussed. Also the electrical conductivity in aqueous solution of electrolyte has been obtained, based on a generalized Langevin equation for cation and anion in it. This treatment can connect and compare with the work of computer simulation. The obtained results for concentration dependence of electrical conductivity are given by a function of the square root of concentration. The electrophoretic effect and the relaxation one are also discussed

Direct Estimation of Valence Electron Distribution Around an Ion in Liquid Metals

Liquid metals consist of ions and electrons. However, the bare ions in liquid metals are recognized to be partially screened by electrons so as to produce the effective ion-ion potential of the long-range oscillatory type and then liquid metals are likely the binary mixtures of ions with some electrons for partial screening and the valence electrons giving a strongly coupled plasma. An attempt is made in this paper to present the valence electron distribution around an ion in liquid metals. The principle of a new method for estimating such information in liquid metals from measured structural data has been described with some selected examples

Localized Impurity States in Liquid Metals : Paramagnetic Susceptibilities of Manganese in Liquid Metals

The variation with temperature of paramagnetic susceptibilities of several alloys of In-Mn, Sn-Mn, Sb-Mn and Bi-Mn systems in their liquid states has been investigated. It obeys a Curie law in the range of temperature up to 1000℃ for compositions less than about 15 atomic percent manganese. The Bohr magneton numbers derived from the experiment lie between 4.5 and 5.2, and their dependence on manganese concentration is discussed

Activity of Liquid Na-K and Rb-Cs Alloys

An electron theory of the chemical potential and the activity in simple liquid alloys has been presented. The curves of activity in liquid Na-K and Rb-Cs alloys have been calculated using this theory. The results in liquid Na-K alloys agree with the experimental data

Surgical resection of mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasm in the biliary system: a report of two cases

Background Mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasm (MINEN) is a rare disease and there is scarce literature on its diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. We encountered two unusual cases of MINEN in the biliary tract, one in the ampulla of Vater and the other in the distal bile duct. In this report, we describe the clinical course of these two cases in detail. Case presentation Case 1: A 69-year-old woman presented with a chief complaint of epigastric pain. When endoscopic sphincterotomy and retrograde biliary drainage were performed for gallstone pancreatitis, an ulcerated lesion was found in the ampulla of the Vater. Based on the biopsy results, the lesion was diagnosed as the ampulla of Vater carcinoma and subtotal stomach-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy (SSPPD) was performed. Postoperative histopathological examination revealed the coexistence of adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma components, consistent with the diagnosis of MINEN. In addition, lymph node metastasis was found on the dorsal side of the pancreas and the metastatic component was adenocarcinoma. Adjuvant chemotherapy with etoposide and cisplatin was administered for 6 months, and presently the patient is alive without recurrence 64 months after surgery. Case 2: A 79-year-old man presented with a chief complaint of anorexia. Cholangiography showed severe stenosis of the distal bile duct. A biopsy was conducted from the stenotic lesion and it revealed the lesion to be adenocarcinoma. A diagnosis of distal bile duct carcinoma was made, and SSPPD was performed. Histopathological examination revealed the coexistence of adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma components, and the tumor was confirmed as MINEN of the distal bile duct. No adjuvant chemotherapy was administered due to the poor performance status. 7 months later, the patient was found to have a liver metastasis. Conclusion We experienced two valuable cases of biliary MINEN. To identify better treatments, it is important to consider the diversity of individual cases and to continue sharing a variety of cases with different presentations

CT によるray-summation 画像の画質と臨床的有用性: Digital radiography との比較

Ray-summation (raysum) images reconstructed from computed tomography (CT) volume data resemble digital radiography (DR) images. Therefore, they have a potential to be used instead of DR images.The aim of this study was to compare the physical image quality evaluated by signal-difference-to-noise ratio (SDNR) and clinical usefulness between raysum and DR images. We employed an oval water phantom simulating adult abdomen for image quality measurement. Raysum images were reconstructed from CT volume data using an assumed x-ray quality of 70 keV. DR images were obtained using an indirect-type flat panel detector system. The normalized noise-power spectrum (NNPS) for various same dose indices (DR: entrance surface dose, CT: CT dose index volume) were measured from raysum and DR images. SDNRs were calculated from the results of NNPSs, modulation transfer function (MTF), and cartilage material contrast. Five experienced observers visually compared each pair of a clinical raysum image and a DR image for nine clinical cases (head, finger, pelvis, and foot). MTF of raysum was significantly lower than that of DR. SDNRs of DR were superior to those of raysum for each dose index, by an average factor of 1.24. For head and pelvis images, raysum images were comparable or a little superior compared with the DR images, because the radiation doses of raysum was much higher than those of DR. For finger and foot cases, the raysum images were inferior to DR images due to its lower resolution. Our results indicated a limited clinical usefulness of raysum compared with DR.出版者照会後に全文公