19 research outputs found
Trapping of CDC42 C-terminal variants in the Golgi drives pyrin inflammasome hyperactivation
CDC42-C末端異常症に於ける炎症病態を解明 --ゴルジ体への異常蓄積がパイリンインフラマソーム形成を過剰促進--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-05-02.Mutations in the C-terminal region of the CDC42 gene cause severe neonatal-onset autoinflammation. Effectiveness of IL-1β–blocking therapy indicates that the pathology involves abnormal inflammasome activation; however, the mechanism underlying autoinflammation remains to be elucidated. Using induced-pluripotent stem cells established from patients carrying CDC42[R186C], we found that patient-derived cells secreted larger amounts of IL-1β in response to pyrin-activating stimuli. Aberrant palmitoylation and localization of CDC42[R186C] protein to the Golgi apparatus promoted pyrin inflammasome assembly downstream of pyrin dephosphorylation. Aberrant subcellular localization was the common pathological feature shared by CDC42 C-terminal variants with inflammatory phenotypes, including CDC42[*192C*24] that also localizes to the Golgi apparatus. Furthermore, the level of pyrin inflammasome overactivation paralleled that of mutant protein accumulation in the Golgi apparatus, but not that of the mutant GTPase activity. These results reveal an unexpected association between CDC42 subcellular localization and pyrin inflammasome activation that could pave the way for elucidating the mechanism of pyrin inflammasome formation
Ccdc85C, a causative protein for hydrocephalus and subcortical heterotopia, is expressed in the systemic epithelia with proliferative activity in rats
. Coiled-coil domain containing 85c
(Ccdc85c) is a causative gene for spontaneous mutant
mouse with non-obstructive hydrocephalus and
subcortical heterotopia. Detailed functions of Ccdc85C
protein have not been clarified. To reveal roles of
Ccdc85C, we examined the distribution and expression
pattern of Ccdc85C in the systemic developing organs in
rats. Ccdc85C was expressed in various simple epithelia
but not stratified epithelia. In the various epithelia,
Ccdc85C was localized at cell-cell junctions and its
expression was strong at apical junctions. Furthermore,
intense expression was seen at developing period and
gradually decreased with advancing development.
Distribution of Ccdc85C coincides with that of
proliferating epithelial cells. These results suggest that
Ccdc85C plays an important role in the proliferative
property of simple epithelia
Characterization of rat testicular teratoma and its derived cell lines, with particular reference to possible mesenchymal differentiations
The original tumor, 4 cm in diameter, was
found in the left testis of a 2-month old SD rat. The
tumor consisted of well-differentiated, mature tissues
such as bone, cartilage, adipose tissue, smooth and
skeletal muscles, skin, hair, glands (salivary, sebaceous,
apocrine and pancreatic exocrine glands) and trachea, as
well as nerve tissues. The tumor was diagnosed as a
mature type of teratoma, a rare in rat testis. Cloned cell
lines (named TSD-B4S and TSD-F9R) were established
from the tumor; cellular properties of these cell lines
were similar to each other; basically, their cultured cells
exhibited vimentin-positive mesenchymal nature with
occasional cells reacting to α-smooth muscle actin, glial
fibrillary acidic protein and CD163 (a macrophage
marker). The cell lines showed tumorigenicity when
inoculated into nude mice, being composed of immature
mesenchymal cells arranged mainly in a sheet. In TSDB4S cells treated with differentiation factors, we
demonstrated mesenchymal differentiations towards
adipogenic, osteogenic and myofibrogenic cells. The cell
line (TSD-B4S) would become a useful tool for studies
on stem cell differentiation, because the teratoma arises
from primordial germ cells like embryonic stem cells
Expression of Ccdc85C, a causative protein for murine hydrocephalus, in the mammary gland tumors of dogs
Coiled-coil domain containing 85c
(Ccdc85c) is a causative gene for hemorrhagic
hydrocephalus mouse which shows hydrocephalus with
frequent brain hemorrhage and formation of subcortical
band heterotopia. A previous study revealed that
Ccdc85C protein is expressed in the systemic simple
epithelial cells with proliferative activity in rats and
suggested that Ccdc85C expression may be related to the
cell proliferation of simple epithelial cells. To reveal the
roles of Ccdc85C in the proliferative lesion, we
examined the expression patterns of Ccdc85C in
the mammary gland tumor of dogs, a common
representative tumor derived from simple epithelial
cells. In canine mammary gland tumors, Ccdc85C was
expressed at the apical junctions of the luminal epithelial
cells. Ccdc85C was also distributed throughout the entire
cytoplasm of the myoepithelial cells. Ccdc85C
expression was observed at the epithelial cells with
luminal structures, but was not observed at the epithelial
cells forming sheet growth pattern without luminal
structure. In carcinomas, Ccdc85C expression in
mammary tumor tissue tended to be weaker than that in
surrounding normal mammary gland tissue. Ccdc85C is
known to cause neurological diseases such as
hydrocephalus, and subcortical heterotopia, and the
present study is the first to demonstrate Ccdc85C
expression in canine mammary tumors and a relationship
between Ccdc85C expression and tumor malignanc
Participation of Somatic Stem Cells, Labeled by a Unique Antibody (A3) Recognizing Both N-glycan and Peptide, to Hair Follicle Cycle and Cutaneous Wound Healing in Rats
A monoclonal antibody (A3) was generated by using rat malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) cells as the antigen. Generally, MFH is considered to be a sarcoma derived from undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. Molecular biological analyses using the lysate of rat MFH cells revealed that A3 is a conformation specific antibody recognizing both N-glycan and peptide. A3-labeled cells in bone marrow were regarded as somatic stem cells, because the cells partly coexpressed CD90 and CD105 (both immature mesenchymal markers). In the hair follicle cycle, particularly the anagen, the immature epithelial cells (suprabasal cells) near the bulge and some immature mesenchymal cells in the disassembling dermal papilla and regenerating connective tissue sheath/hair papilla reacted to A3. In the cutaneous wound-healing process, A3-labeled epithelial cells participated in re-epithelialization in the wound bed, and apparently, the labeled cells were derived from the hair bulge; in addition, A3-labeled immature mesenchymal cells in the connective tissue sheath of hair follicles at the wound edge showed the expansion of the A3 immunolabeling. A3-labeled immature epithelial and mesenchymal cells contributed to morphogenesis in the hair cycle and tissue repair after a cutaneous wound. A3 could become a unique antibody to identify somatic stem cells capable of differentiating both epithelial and mesenchymal cells in rat tissues
Rat hair follicle-constituting cells labeled by a newly-developed somatic stem cell-recognizing antibody: a possible marker of hair follicle development
. A3 was generated as an antibody recognizing
somatic stem cells in rat tissues. We investigated the
distribution of A3-positive cells in developing rat hair
follicles by immunolabeling. A3-positive cells began to
be seen in the hair germ and peg in fetuses and neonates;
the positive cells were epithelial cells above basal cells.
Furthermore, A3-positive cells were seen in the outer
root sheath adjacent to the bulge in mature hair follicles.
Double immunofluorescence revealed that these A3-
positive epithelial cells reacted to E-cadherin (for all
epithelial elements) but not to CK15 (for basal
cells/epithelial stem cells) or to nestin (for stem cells),
indicating that A3-positive epithelial cells are suprabasal
cells in the developing epidermic hair follicle.
Additionally, spindle-shaped mesenchymal cells
surrounding the hair peg and mature hair follicle reacted
to A3; in double immunofluorescence, the A3-positive
cells were located outside collagen type IV-positive
glassy membrane, and reacted to vimentin (for
mesenchmal cells), Thy-1 (for immature mesenchymal
cells), CD34 (for stem cells) and nestin, but not to α-
smooth muscle actin (for myofibroblasts); the positive
cells were regarded as immature mesenchymal cells with
stem cell nature in the connective tissue sheath of
developing hair follicles. A3-positive epithelial and
mesenchymal cells did not show proliferating activity.
Collectively, it is considered that A3-positive cells seen
in developing rat hair follicles may be quiescent postprogenitor
cells with the potential to differentiate into
either highly-differentiated epithelial or mesenchymal
cells. A3 would become a useful antibody to know the
kinetics of rat hair follicle-constituting cells