講座紹介 小児歯科学講座

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A Pilot Study for Establishment on Educational Guidelines of Pre-clinical Practice of Pediatric Dentistry among all Japanese Dental Schools : (2) The effort of educational workshop

全ての歯学教育機関において, 質が高く均質な小児歯科医療を実践できる歯科医師を養成することを目的として, 平成18・19年度日本小児歯科学会教育問題検討委員会により, 教育ワークショップが開催された。ワークショップは2日間の日程で, 29歯科大学・大学歯学部から42名の小児歯科学の教育に関わる教員が参加した。課題として, ラバーダム装着, 保護者へのブラッシング指導, フッ化物歯面塗布, 予防塡塞および咬合誘導を取り上げた。その結果, 以下の有意義な成果を認めた。 1. 各大学の基礎実習の教育内容に関する有益な情報が得られた。 2. 課題とした実習項目について, 全ての大学で共通の一般目標と到達目標を設定することができた。 3. 課題とした実習項目について, 全ての大学で共通して教育すべき標準的な実習内容を明らかにすることができた。For sophisticated instruction of dental educators, it is essential to establish educational guidelines for pre-clinical practice of pediatric dentistry among all dental schools in Japan. However, there is too little information on this problem. Therefore, with the aim of realizing a good quality of pre-clinical practice, an educational workshop was organized by the Japanese society of pediatric dentistry. This workshop was held over two days at Hiroshima University in Hiroshima, Japan. Forty-two dental educators from all the dental schools in Japan participated in this workshop. The foIlowing 5 topics were discussed: rubber-dam, oral hygiene counseling for parents/guardians, fluoride therapy, fissure sealant and space maintenance and space regaining. The efforts of this workshop were as follows : 1. This workshop provided useful information about pre-clinical practice of pediatric dentistry of all the dental schools in Japan. 2. All participants understood the ideal and common objectives of instruction of the topics. 3. The bases of educational contents on the topics were discussed and identified. In conclusion, this article provided on outline of dental education of pediatric dentistry and contributes to a better understanding of the importance of educational guidelines. Continuous interchange of ideas is going to be expected to develop the quality of education and the ability of instruction

Prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization and regional differences throughout Japan

Abstract Background Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) frequently occurs in children worldwide. However, MIH prevalence throughout Japan has not yet been investigated. The purpose of this study was to clarify MIH prevalence rates and to consider potential regional differences throughout Japan. Methods A total of 4496 children aged 7–9 years throughout Japan were evaluated in this study. MIH prevalence rates among children were evaluated in eight regions throughout Japan. A child’s residence was defined as the mother’s residence during pregnancy. The localization of demarcated opacities and enamel breakdown was recorded on a standard code form using a guided record chart. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate whether MIH prevalence rates differed among age groups, sex, and regions. Results The overall prevalence of MIH in Japan was 19.8%. The prevalence of MIH was 14.0% in the Hokkaido region, 11.7% in the Tohoku region, 18.5% in the Kanto Shin-Etsu region, 19.3% in the Tokai Hokuriku region, 22.3% in the Kinki region, 19.8% in the Chugoku region, 28.1% in the Shikoku region, and 25.3% in the Kyushu region. These regional differences were statistically significant. Moreover, MIH prevalence rates decreased with age. No significant sex differences in MIH prevalence rates were demonstrated. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first MIH study carried out in several regions throughout Japan. Regional differences existed in MIH prevalence rates; particularly, MIH occurred more frequently in children residing in southwestern areas than those in northeastern areas of Japan

A Pilot Study for Establishment of Educational Guidelines of Pre-clinic Practice of Pediatric Dentistry in Japan : (1) Overview of educational contents of pre-clinical practice

全国歯科大学・大学歯学部における小児歯科学基礎実習(臨床前実習)の実態を知る目的から, 29歯科大学・大学歯学部を対象にアンケート調査を行った。アンケートの項目は①ラバーダム装着, ②保護者へのブラッシング指導, ③フッ化物歯面塗布, ④予防填塞, および⑤咬合誘導とした。 ラバーダム装着で対象となっている歯は第一大臼歯などであり, 臼歯部を対象としている大学が多かった。一方, 上顎乳前歯を対象としている大学もあった。保護者へのブラッシング指導で対象としているのは「3歳」, 指導方法は「仕上げ磨き」であり, さらに実習方法は「ロールプレーイング技法jが最も多かった。実習で行われているフッ化物歯面塗布の方法は, 「綿球法」, 使用しているフッ化物は「フッ化物ゲル」が最も多かった。予防填塞の対象歯は第一大臼歯が最も多かったが, 第二乳臼歯を対象としている大学もあった。咬合誘導において, 歯列模型分析を行っているのは17校, 側方歯群長の予測を行っている大学は13校であった。能動的咬合誘導は専門性が高いという回答もあるかたわら, セファロ分析を行っている大学もあった。 以上より, 各歯科大学・大学歯学部において, 基礎実習(臨床前実習)の内容に速いがあることが判った。今回の調査結果は各歯科大学・大学歯学部が自校の実習内容を検討していく上で重要な資料になると考えられる。For sophisticated instruction of dental educators. it is essential to comprehend educational contents for pre-clinical practice of pediatric dentistry among all dental schools in Japan. Because there are no publications on this problem, this questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate it. This study provides an actual situation of the pre-clinical practice of pediatric dentistry at all dental schools in Japan. The results were as follows: 1. Rubber-dam installation was most frequently performed on the first molar. 2. Giving tooth brushing instruction to the guardian of the pediatric patient was most frequently performed with children 3 years of age. 3. Gel was used most frequently for the topical application of fluoride. 4. Pit and fissure sealant was most frequently performed on the first molar. 5. Study model analysis was taught among 17 dental schools. Mixed dentition analysis was learned among 13 dental schools

Current State of Education of Pediatric Dentistry in Dental Schools in Japan

本邦における小児歯科学教育の現状を調査するために, 全国29歯科大学・大学歯学部の小児歯科学担当講座(分野)に対してアンケート調査を行った。アンケートは小児歯科学授業(講義), 基礎実習, 臨床実習の3項目について行った。アンケートの結果から以下の実態が確認された。授業では, ほとんどの大学で小児歯科, あるいは成長, 発達などの小児歯科学と関連のあるシラバスの科目名称を有していたが, 小児歯科学単独のシラバスを持たない大学もあった。授業時間は平均55時間程度であったが, 最も少ない大学と多い大学では6倍の差があった。基礎実習は平均35時間行われていたが, 国公立大学の平均に比べ私立大学は有意に多かった。臨床実習実施期間は平均11.9か月で大学問の差は少なかったが, 実施時期は国公立大学に比べ私立大学が約6か月程度早期に行われていた。また, 臨床実習での学生の参加形態や評価方法などは大学問で大きな差があった。 以上のことから, 小児歯科学の教育は各歯科大学・大学歯学部で大きな差があることが確認された。特に授業時間や実習時間は私立大学が多い傾向にあった。また臨床実習の実習期間は大学問で大きな差はないが, 開始時期は私立大学が国公立大学に比べ有意に早いことが示された。To survey the current state of the education of Pediatric Dentistry in our country, a questionnaire investigation was done to all Dental Colleges and School of Dentistry in Universities. The questionnaire consisted of three fields, such as lecture of Pediatric Dentistry, basic laboratory practice and basic clinical practice. According to the questionnaire, the following things were confirrned. All Universities still have the syllabus conceming Pediatric Dentistry, except for one University. The average hours of lecture was 55 hours. The University with the longest course hours was 6 times higher than the shortest University. The average hours of basic laboratory practice was 35 hours. The private Universities were significantly longer than national and public Universities. While, the period of basic clinical practice was similar in all Universities, however it started 6 months earlier in private Universities compared with national and public Universities. Moreover, there were differences in intervention levels of students to the treatment of the patients and evaluation procedures of basic clinical practicein Universities. In the present study, it was confirrned that the education of Pediatric Dentistry varied considerably between Universities. Especially, the average hours of lecture and basic laboratory practice were longer in private Universities compared to national and public Universities. Furtherrnore, basic clinical practice starts significantly earlier in private Universities