One-year clinical outcome of patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: Insights from KERALA-AF registry.

BackgroundWe report patient characteristics, treatment pattern and one-year clinical outcome of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) from Kerala, India. This cohort forms part of Kerala Atrial Fibrillation (KERALA-AF) registry which is an ongoing large prospective study.MethodsKERALA-AF registry collected data of adults with previously or newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation (AF) during April 2016 to April 2017. A total of 3421 patients were recruited from 53 hospitals across Kerala state. We analysed one-year follow-up outcome of 2507 patients with NVAF.ResultsMean age at recruitment was 67.2 years (range 18-98) and 54.8% were males. Main co-morbidities were hypertension (61.2%), hyperlipidaemia (46.2%) and diabetes mellitus (37.2%). Major co-existing diseases were chronic kidney disease (42.1%), coronary artery disease (41.6%), and chronic heart failure (26.4%). Mean CHA2DS2-VASc score was 3.18 (SD ± 1.7) and HAS-BLED score, 1.84 (SD ± 1.3). At baseline, use of oral anticoagulants (OAC) was 38.6% and antiplatelets 32.7%. On one-month follow-up use of OAC increased to 65.8% and antiplatelets to 48.3%. One-year all-cause mortality was 16.48 and hospitalization 20.65 per 100 person years. The main causes of death were cardiovascular (75.0%), stroke (13.1%) and others (11.9%). The major causes of hospitalizations were acute coronary syndrome (35.0%), followed by arrhythmia (29.5%) and heart failure (8.4%).ConclusionsDespite high risk profile of patients in this registry, use of OAC was suboptimal, whereas antiplatelets were used in nearly half of patients. A relatively high rate of annual mortality and hospitalization was observed in patients with NVAF in Kerala AF Registry

Prognostic value of soluble ST2 biomarker in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction – A multicenter study

Objective: To study the prognostic value of soluble Suppression of Tumorigenicity-2 (sST2) in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Methods: In this prospective, observational, multicenter study, patients with heart failure (HF) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <50% were included. Clinical evaluation and serum levels of sST2 were estimated at five time points during follow up. Study endpoint was the relationship of baseline and serial sST2 concentration in the blood to the composite endpoints of cardiac death and re-hospitalization for worsening of HF during one year follow up period. Results: A total of 141 patients were enrolled. The mean age was 60 ± 10.4 years. At baseline evaluation, 49.6% patients were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III and 36.2% in class IV. Adverse events were observed in 57 patients (40.4%); 25 (17.7%) were re-hospitalized due to worsening of HF and 32 (22.7%) died due to cardiac causes. The median value of baseline sST2 was 46.36 ng/ml (IQR 31.30–78.38). sST2 concentration at baseline was significantly higher among patients with adverse events in comparison to patients without adverse events (p = <0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) for baseline sST2 concentration identified 49 ng/ml as optimal cut-off value to predict cardiac death and re-hospitalization, with a sensitivity and specificity of 72% and 75%, respectively. Conclusion: In patients with HFrEF, sST2 concentration at baseline as well as on serial testing was significantly correlated with cardiac death and re-hospitalization for worsening of HF. Keywords: Heart failure, sST2, Biomarker, Prognosis, Serial testin