62 research outputs found

    小動物甚の運動時䜓熱出玍枬定システムの開発

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    金沢倧孊医孊郚本研究では運動鍛緎による䜓熱出玍枬定や自発運動の倉化を怜蚎するため、小動物甚の䜓熱出玍枬定システムを開発した。䜓熱出玍システムはその䞭栞をなす盎接熱量蚈、熱量蚈甚の茪付きゲヌゞ、各皮分析機噚やセンサヌ類、熱量蚈内壁枩調節甚の氎埪環装眮、定量空気䟛絊システム、デヌタ収集機噚、デヌタ解析甚゜フトり゚アヌなどの組み合せによりなる。以䞋に䞻芁郚分の抂芁を蚘す。1.盎接熱量蚈:熱量蚈内箱はアルミニりム合金で補䜜し、内箱の倖面には銅パむプを密着させヒヌトシンクずした。さらに、その倖面を断熱材で芆い、硬質塩化ビニヌル板補の倖箱で支持した。内箱内面には垂販の熱流束玠子を貌った。熱量蚈の感床は内壁枩18.0、24.0、28.6℃でそれぞれ0.63、0.61、0.63W/mVであった。2.茪付きケヌゞ:長方圢のステンレス補ケヌゞに盎埄33cmの茪を取り付けた。深郚䜓枩枬定甚のテレメトリヌシステムのAM波を通過させるため、ケヌゞず茪の䞀壁面はアクリル補ずした。たた、ケヌゞず茪の間には運動制限甚の手動匏シャッタヌを蚭けた。3.センサヌ:熱量蚈内には、テレメトリヌ甚アンテナ2本、行動量・摂食回数・茪回し回数枬定甚の光電スむッチ3個、熱量蚈内壁枩枬定甚熱電察を蚭眮した。サポ-ティングシステム:恒枩槜で枩床調節した蒞留氎を埪環ポンプにより熱量蚈ヒヌトシンクに送った。熱量蚈内ぞの送気はマスフロヌメヌタヌを介するプッシュヌプル方匏ずした。これらにより熱量蚈内壁枩、空気流量を長時間厳密にコントロヌルするこずが可胜ずなった。本システムの数日間に枡る詊運転により、盎接熱量蚈の感床や各皮蚈枬倀は実甚に耐え埗るこずが確認された。The present project aimed to develop a direct calorimetry system for measuring heat balance and locomotor and feeding activities of small mammals simultaneously during voluntary exercise. Briefly, the system comprised of a direct calorimeter, a cage with a running wheel, various sensors and analyzers, water-perfusion devices, air temperature control equipment, data logging system and soft-ware for data processing. The direct calorimeter was made of a alminum box coverd by insulating meterial. Copper tubes were tightly and directly attached to the outside of the box and temperature-controlled water was perfused through the tubes. Also, temperature-controlled fresh dry air was sent into the calorimeter at a constant rate with a mass flow controller. Then, the wall and air temperatures inside the calorimeter were maintained at a stable level even when an ambient temperature varied. The outputs (sensitivity) of the calorimenter were 0.63,0.61 and 0.63 mV/W at wall temperatures of 18.0,24.0 and 28.6C,respectively. The cage and wheel were mainly constructed by stainless steal but one side of them were made of clear acrylic plate to allow radiowave from a biotelemetry system pass through the cage. A shutter was placed between the cage and wheel, which enabled to restrict running activity of animals. Three photoelectric sensors were installed on the cage to monitor running and feeding activities and body movement in the cage of animals. After the whole system was calibrated and ckecked, we confirmed that this system could be useful for investigating heat balance of small animals during exercise.研究課題/領域番号:07557186, 研究期間(幎床):1995 – 1996出兞研究課題「小動物甚の運動時䜓熱出玍枬定システムの開発」課題番号07557186KAKEN科孊研究費助成事業デヌタベヌス囜立情報孊研究所 https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07557186/075571861996kenkyu_seika_hokoku_gaiyo/を加工しお䜜

    䞀日䞀定時間垯に限った暑熱負荷によるヒトの䜓枩調節機構の倉化

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    金沢倧孊医孊郚本研究では䞀日䞀定時間垯に限る様匏で暑熱に暎露され、これに銎化したヒトにおいお、深郚䜓枩の日内倉動パタヌンず䜓枩調節反応発珟閟倀枩がいかに修食されるか怜蚎した。1.被隓者:健康成人男女を被隓者ずした。察照実隓開始10日以䞊前より、被隓者の点灯、消灯時間を䞀定ずし、被隓者には暑熱負荷ずなるような行動を䞀切蚱可しなかった。察照実隓の3日以䞊前より食事のチェックを行い、銎化埌の実隓の3日以䞊前は察照実隓の前ず党く同じ食事を摂った。2.暑熱暎露:被隓者は午埌の4時間(14:00〜18:00時)、Tシャツ、ショヌツのみ着甚し、環境枩46℃、盞察湿床20%の人工気候宀に入宀した。3.深郚䜓枩の日内倉動:暑熱銎化の前埌においお被隓者はTシャツ、ショヌツのみ着甚し、環境枩27℃に蚭蚈した小型人工気象宀内で24時間以䞊生掻した。党おの被隓者の深郚䜓枩には明確な日内倉動が芳察された。しかし、暑熱銎化埌そのパタヌンは有意に倉化し、午埌で深郚䜓枩が䜎䞋した。4.発汗朜時ず閟倀:被隓者はTシャツ、ショヌツのみ着甚し、環境枩28℃に蚭定した人口気象宀内に入宀した。熱平衡が埗られた埌、䞋腿枩济を30分間行い、発汗を起こさせた。実隓は暑熱銎化前埌においお、それぞれ午前ず午埌の2床行った。暑熱銎化埌、発刊朜時が短瞮し、発汗閟倀が䜎䞋したが、それら倉化は午埌でのみ有意であった。5.結論:䞀日䞀定時間垯に限る様匏で暑熱に暎露され、これに銎化したヒトでは深郚䜓枩や䜓枩調節反応発珟閟倀が䜎䞋するが、それら䜓枩調節機胜の倉化はか぀おの暑熱暎露時間垯で明確であるこずが瀺唆された。The present project investigated thermoregulatory functions of humans subjected to heat exposure for several hours limited to a fixed time daily.The food ingestion and sleep-awake cycle of volunteers were controlled throughout the experiments. For heat accliamtion, the subjects were exposed to an ambient temperature (Ta) of 46C for 4 hrs (14 : 00-18 : 00 h) daliy.Experiment 1 : Core temperature (Tcor) of the subjects were measured for 24 h at a constant Ta of 27C with or without heat acclimation. The pattern of day-night variations of Tcor was altered by heat acclimation, i.e., the Tcor levels were maintained at low levels in the afternoon.Experiment 2 : The subjects were seated in a chair at Ta of 28C.Both legs were immersed in a warm water and sweating was induced. The procedure was repeated twice in the day, once in the morning and once in the afternoon, before and after heat acclimation. The latency for thermal sweating was shortented and the threshold Tcor for sweating was lowered by heat acclimation only in the afternoon.The results give evidence that in humans, repeated heat exposure limited to a fixed time daily lowers Tcor and alters thermoregulatory functions during the period when the subjects were previously exposed to heat.研究課題/領域番号:08670077, 研究期間(幎床):1996 – 1997出兞研究課題「䞀日䞀定時間垯に限った暑熱負荷によるヒトの䜓枩調節機構の倉化」課題番号08670077KAKEN科孊研究費助成事業デヌタベヌス囜立情報孊研究所 https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08670077/086700771997kenkyu_seika_hokoku_gaiyo/を加工しお䜜

    䞀日䞀定時間に限った運動負荷による䜓枩日内倉動の修食

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    金沢倧孊医孊郚本研究は、䞀日の内䞀定時間のみ限定した運動の繰り返しにより、ラットの自発行動および深郚䜓枩の日内倉動パタヌンがいかに倉化するかを怜蚎するこずを第䞀の目的ずした。次いで、運動鍛緎がラットの䜓枩調節機胜をいかに修食するか怜蚎した。ラットにストレスを䞎えないよう、運動負荷ずしお自発茪回し運動を利甚し、以䞋の成果を埗た。1.茪付きケヌゞでラットを飌育し、自由に茪回し行動を行わせた埌、ラットの自発茪回し運動を暗期の前半たたは埌半の3時間あるいは6時間のみに制限した。12日間の運動制限期間埌、ラットを再床自由に茪回し運動ができる条件䞋におくず、ラットの茪回し運動はか぀お茪回し行動ができた時間垯で増加した。2.腹腔内に深郚䜓枩枬定甚のテレメトリヌ送信機を怍え蟌んだラットに暗期の埌半の6時間のみ茪回し行動を蚱した。3週間の運動期間埌、ラットを茪回し運動が出来ない条件䞋においた。ラットの深郚䜓枩は暗期の埌半に䞊昇したが、自発行動量は有意に倉化しなかった。3.ラットを茪付きケヌゞで12週間以䞊飌育するず、安静時運動矀の深郚䜓枩が䞊昇し、䜓枩調節反応発珟いき倀が高くなる傟向にあった。たた、腹腔内からの枩熱負荷に察し、深郚䜓枩の䞊昇は抑えられ、非蒞散生熱攟散量の増加皋床が倧きくなった。かくのごずく、ラットの茪回し行動を䞀日の内䞀定時間垯に限定し、これに銎らすず、運動時間垯に察する蚘憶が圢成され、か぀おの運動時間垯に䞀臎しお深郚䜓枩が䞊昇するこずが確認された。たた、自発茪回し行動による運動鍛緎によりラットの䜓枩のセットポむントは䞊昇し、䜓内からの枩熱負荷に察する䜓枩調節反応は促進されるこずが瀺唆された。The present study was conducted to examine how daily exercise for several hours at a fixed time modifies the pattern of day-night variations in body core temperature and behavior in rats. Spontaneous wheel running was adopted as a model of exercise to avoid any artificial stress on rats.1. Male Wistar rats were acclimated to cages with a running wheels. Then, the running time of rats were limited to the first or last 3 or 6 h of the dark phase. After a 2-week activity restriction, the rats were again allowed access to the wheel freely. Wheel revolutions of rats during the period corresponding to the previous running time significantly increased after the activity restriction.2. Male Wistar rats were kept in cages with a running wheel and allowed access to the wheel for 6 h in the last half of the dark phase. After a 3-week exercise period, they were denied to run in the wheel. Their body core temperature significantly increased for 2-3 hours in the last half of the dark phase.The results suggest that, in rats, voluntary running limited to a fixed time daily alters the pattern of nycthemeral variations in body core temperature and locomotor activity, i.e., body core temperature and running activity increase during the period when the rats were previously allowed to exercise.研究課題/領域番号:05670064, 研究期間(幎床):1993 – 1994出兞研究課題「䞀日䞀定時間に限った運動負荷による䜓枩日内倉動の修食」課題番号05670064KAKEN科孊研究費助成事業デヌタベヌス囜立情報孊研究所 https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-05670064/056700641994kenkyu_seika_hokoku_gaiyo//を加工しお䜜

    芖亀叉䞊栞砎壊が暑熱銎化ラットの深郚䜓枩日内倉動におよがす圱響

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    金沢倧孊医孊郚䞭性枩域で飌育するラットにおいお、䞀日の内䞀定の時間垯(䟋えば暗期埌半の玄5時間)のみ33℃の高枩環境に眮く暑熱負荷を5日間以䞊繰り返し、これに銎化させるず、その埌、ラットの深郚䜓枩や自発行動の日内倉動パタヌンが倉化し、か぀おの暑熱負荷時間垯に䞀臎しお䜓枩が䞋降し行動量が枛少する。䞀方、哺乳類の深郚䜓枩、摂食・摂氎行動などには日内リズムが存圚し、囓歯類では芖亀叉䞊栞がそれらリズム発珟の䞭枢であるずされる。本研究は、か぀おの暑熱負荷時間垯に起こる深郚䜓枩や行動量の倉化に芖亀叉䞊栞が関䞎するか吊か怜蚎した。りむスタヌ系雄ラットをペントバルビタヌルにお麻酔し、その腹腔内にバむオテレメトリヌ甚の枩床トランスミッタヌを留眮した。1週間の回埩を埅った埌、ラットを環境枩24℃、恒明条件䞋で飌育した。3週間埌、すべおのラットで腹腔内枩、自発行動量のサヌカデアンリズムの消倱を確認した埌、䞀日䞀定時間に限る暑熱暎露を開始した。暑熱暎露(環境枩32℃)は1500〜2000時の玄5時間ずし、これを2週間継続した。暑熱暎露期間終了埌は環境枩を24℃に維持した。暑熱暎露䞭、ラットの腹腔内枩は䞊昇し、自発行動量は枛少した。暑熱暎露期間終了埌、ラットの腹腔内枩、自発行動量ずも、か぀おの暑熱暎露時間垯である1500時から2100時の間で䜎䞋した。この倉化は、以埌玄24時間の呚期で継続した。これら結果から、䞀日の内䞀定の時間垯のみ高枩環境に暎露され、これに銎化したラットで芳察されるか぀おの暑熱負荷時間垯に䞀臎した深郚䜓枩や行動量の倉化は芖亀叉䞊栞に䟝存しない可胜性が掚察された。研究課題/領域番号:07670079, 研究期間(幎床):1995出兞研究課題「芖亀叉䞊栞砎壊が暑熱銎化ラットの深郚䜓枩日内倉動におよがす圱響」課題番号07670079KAKEN科孊研究費助成事業デヌタベヌス囜立情報孊研究所 https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07670079/を加工しお䜜

    ラットの摂食初期盞,いわゆる頭盞での耐色脂肪組織代謝倉化に぀いお

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    金沢倧孊医孊郚研究課題/領域番号:62770114, 研究期間(幎床):1987出兞研究課題「ラットの摂食初期盞,いわゆる頭盞での耐色脂肪組織代謝倉化に぀いお」課題番号62770114KAKEN科孊研究費助成事業デヌタベヌス囜立情報孊研究所 https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-62770114/を加工しお䜜

    暑熱銎化ラットの䜓内・倖よりの加枩に察する䜓枩調節反応

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    金沢倧孊医孊郚研究課題/領域番号:63770104, 研究期間(幎床):1988出兞研究課題「暑熱銎化ラットの䜓内・倖よりの加枩に察する䜓枩調節反応」課題番号63770104KAKEN科孊研究費助成事業デヌタベヌス囜立情報孊研究所 https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-63770104/を加工しお䜜

    皮々の暑熱暎露様匏に短期銎化したラットの䜓枩調節反応

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    金沢倧孊医孊郚研究課題/領域番号:02770078, 研究期間(幎床):1990出兞研究課題「皮々の暑熱暎露様匏に短期銎化したラットの䜓枩調節反応」課題番号02770078KAKEN科孊研究費助成事業デヌタベヌス囜立情報孊研究所 https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-02770078/を加工しお䜜

    Effects of hydrogen-rich water on abnormalities in a SHR.Cg-Leprcp/NDmcr rat - a metabolic syndrome rat model

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>), a potent free radical scavenger, selectively reduces the hydroxyl radical, which is the most cytotoxic of the reactive oxygen species (ROS). An increase in oxygen free radicals induces oxidative stress, which is known to be involved in the development of metabolic syndrome. Therefore, we investigated whether hydrogen-rich water (HRW) affects metabolic abnormalities in the metabolic syndrome rat model, SHR.Cg-<it>Lepr<sup>cp</sup></it>/NDmcr (SHR-cp).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Male SHR-cp rats (5 weeks old) were divided into 2 groups: an HRW group was given oral HRW for 16 weeks, and a control group was given distilled water. At the end of the experiment, each rat was placed in a metabolic cage for 24 h, fasted for 12 h, and anesthetized; the blood and kidneys were then collected.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Sixteen weeks after HRW administration, the water intake and urine flow measured in the metabolic cages were significantly higher in the HRW group than in the control group. The urinary ratio of albumin to creatinine was significantly lower and creatinine clearance was higher in the HRW group than in the control group. After the 12-h fast, plasma urea nitrogen and creatinine in the HRW group were significantly lower than in the control group. The plasma total antioxidant capacity was significantly higher in the HRW group than in the control group. The glomerulosclerosis score for the HRW group was significantly lower than in the control group, and a significantly positive correlation was observed between this score and plasma urea nitrogen levels.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The present findings suggest that HRW conferred significant benefits against abnormalities in the metabolic syndrome model rats, at least by preventing and ameliorating glomerulosclerosis and creatinine clearance.</p

    Capsaicin partially mimics heat in mouse fibroblast cells in vitro

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    Capsaicin activates transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), a cation channel in the transient receptor potential family, resulting in the transient entry of Ca2+ and Mg2+ and a warm sensation. However, the effects of capsaicin on cells have not fully elucidated in fibroblasts. In this study, we investigated whether capsaicin could induce signal transduction in mouse fibroblast cells and compared the effect with that of heat-induced signal transduction. The activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) ERK and p38 MAPK, expression levels of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and HSP90, actin assembly, and cell proliferation were analyzed in NIH3T3 mouse fibroblast cells. A 15-min stimulation with capsaicin (∌100 ÎŒM) phosphorylated ERK and p38 MAPK and induced actin assembly. A 2-day stimulation with capsaicin increased the level of HSP70, but not HSP90, and the 2-day stimulation with capsaicin (∌100 ÎŒM) did not affect cell proliferation. A 15-min exposure to moderate heat (39.5 °C) phosphorylated both ERK and p38 MAPK and induced actin assembly to similar degrees as stimulation with capsaicin. A 2-day exposure to moderate heat increased the levels of both HSP70 and HSP90 and prevented cell proliferation. However, the 2-day stimulation with capsaicin (100 ÎŒM) failed to prevent heat shock-induced cell death. Thus, our results suggest that the effects of capsaicin on fibroblast cells partially differ from those of heat. Notably, the 2-day stimulation with capsaicin was not sufficient to develop heat tolerance in fibroblast cells. © 2016 Springer-Verlag Berlin HeidelbergEmbargo Period 12 month

    Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Enhance Neuronal Differentiation in Cultured Rat Neural Stem Cells

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    Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can induce neurogenesis and recovery from brain diseases. However, the exact mechanisms of the beneï¿œcial effects of PUFAs have not been conclusively described. We recently reported that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) induced neuronal differentiation by decreasing Hes1 expression and increasing p27 kip1 expression, which causes cell cycle arrest in neural stem cells (NSCs). In the present study, we examined the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and arachidonic acid (AA) on differentiation, expression of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors (Hes1, Hes6, and NeuroD), and the cell cycle of cultured NSCs. EPA also increased mRNA levels of Hes1, an inhibitor of neuronal differentiation, Hes6, an inhibitor of Hes1, NeuroD, and Map2 mRNA and Tuj-1-positive cells (a neuronal marker), indicating that EPA induced neuronal differentiation. EPA increased the mRNA levels of p21 cip1 and p27 kip1 , a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, which indicated that EPA induced cell cycle arrest. Treatment with AA decreased Hes1 mRNA but did not affect NeuroD and Map2 mRNA levels. Furthermore, AA did not affect the number of Tuj-1-positive cells or cell cycle progression. ese results indicated that EPA could be involved in neuronal differentiation by mechanisms alternative to those of DHA, whereas AA did not affect neuronal differentiation in NSCs
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