62 research outputs found
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ãžã®éæ°ã¯ãã¹ãããŒã¡ãŒã¿ãŒãä»ããããã·ã¥ãŒãã«æ¹åŒãšããããããã«ããç±éèšå
å£æž©ã空æ°æµéãé·æéå³å¯ã«ã³ã³ãããŒã«ããããšãå¯èœãšãªã£ããæ¬ã·ã¹ãã ã®æ°æ¥éã«æž¡ãè©Šé転ã«ãããçŽæ¥ç±éèšã®æ床ãåçš®èšæž¬å€ã¯å®çšã«èãåŸãããšã確èªããããThe present project aimed to develop a direct calorimetry system for measuring heat balance and locomotor and feeding activities of small mammals simultaneously during voluntary exercise. Briefly, the system comprised of a direct calorimeter, a cage with a running wheel, various sensors and analyzers, water-perfusion devices, air temperature control equipment, data logging system and soft-ware for data processing. The direct calorimeter was made of a alminum box coverd by insulating meterial. Copper tubes were tightly and directly attached to the outside of the box and temperature-controlled water was perfused through the tubes. Also, temperature-controlled fresh dry air was sent into the calorimeter at a constant rate with a mass flow controller. Then, the wall and air temperatures inside the calorimeter were maintained at a stable level even when an ambient temperature varied. The outputs (sensitivity) of the calorimenter were 0.63,0.61 and 0.63 mV/W at wall temperatures of 18.0,24.0 and 28.6ïŸC,respectively. The cage and wheel were mainly constructed by stainless steal but one side of them were made of clear acrylic plate to allow radiowave from a biotelemetry system pass through the cage. A shutter was placed between the cage and wheel, which enabled to restrict running activity of animals. Three photoelectric sensors were installed on the cage to monitor running and feeding activities and body movement in the cage of animals. After the whole system was calibrated and ckecked, we confirmed that this system could be useful for investigating heat balance of small animals during exercise.ç 究課é¡/é åçªå·:07557186, ç 究æé(幎床):1995 â 1996åºå
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¿æž©æµŽã30åéè¡ããçºæ±ãèµ·ãããããå®éšã¯æç±éŠŽåååŸã«ãããŠãããããååãšååŸã®2床è¡ã£ããæç±éŠŽååŸãçºåæœæãççž®ããçºæ±éŸå€ãäœäžãããããããå€åã¯ååŸã§ã®ã¿ææã§ãã£ãã5.çµè«:äžæ¥äžå®æé垯ã«éãæ§åŒã§æç±ã«æŽé²ãããããã«éŠŽåããããã§ã¯æ·±éšäœæž©ãäœæž©èª¿ç¯åå¿çºçŸéŸå€ãäœäžãããããããäœæž©èª¿ç¯æ©èœã®å€åã¯ãã€ãŠã®æç±æŽé²æé垯ã§æ確ã§ããããšã瀺åããããThe present project investigated thermoregulatory functions of humans subjected to heat exposure for several hours limited to a fixed time daily.The food ingestion and sleep-awake cycle of volunteers were controlled throughout the experiments. For heat accliamtion, the subjects were exposed to an ambient temperature (Ta) of 46ïŸC for 4 hrs (14 : 00-18 : 00 h) daliy.Experiment 1 : Core temperature (Tcor) of the subjects were measured for 24 h at a constant Ta of 27ïŸC with or without heat acclimation. The pattern of day-night variations of Tcor was altered by heat acclimation, i.e., the Tcor levels were maintained at low levels in the afternoon.Experiment 2 : The subjects were seated in a chair at Ta of 28ïŸC.Both legs were immersed in a warm water and sweating was induced. The procedure was repeated twice in the day, once in the morning and once in the afternoon, before and after heat acclimation. The latency for thermal sweating was shortented and the threshold Tcor for sweating was lowered by heat acclimation only in the afternoon.The results give evidence that in humans, repeated heat exposure limited to a fixed time daily lowers Tcor and alters thermoregulatory functions during the period when the subjects were previously exposed to heat.ç 究課é¡/é åçªå·:08670077, ç 究æé(幎床):1996 â 1997åºå
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ããã®æž©ç±è² è·ã«å¯Ÿããäœæž©èª¿ç¯åå¿ã¯ä¿é²ãããããšã瀺åããããThe present study was conducted to examine how daily exercise for several hours at a fixed time modifies the pattern of day-night variations in body core temperature and behavior in rats. Spontaneous wheel running was adopted as a model of exercise to avoid any artificial stress on rats.1. Male Wistar rats were acclimated to cages with a running wheels. Then, the running time of rats were limited to the first or last 3 or 6 h of the dark phase. After a 2-week activity restriction, the rats were again allowed access to the wheel freely. Wheel revolutions of rats during the period corresponding to the previous running time significantly increased after the activity restriction.2. Male Wistar rats were kept in cages with a running wheel and allowed access to the wheel for 6 h in the last half of the dark phase. After a 3-week exercise period, they were denied to run in the wheel. Their body core temperature significantly increased for 2-3 hours in the last half of the dark phase.The results suggest that, in rats, voluntary running limited to a fixed time daily alters the pattern of nycthemeral variations in body core temperature and locomotor activity, i.e., body core temperature and running activity increase during the period when the rats were previously allowed to exercise.ç 究課é¡/é åçªå·:05670064, ç 究æé(幎床):1993 â 1994åºå
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Effects of hydrogen-rich water on abnormalities in a SHR.Cg-Leprcp/NDmcr rat - a metabolic syndrome rat model
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>), a potent free radical scavenger, selectively reduces the hydroxyl radical, which is the most cytotoxic of the reactive oxygen species (ROS). An increase in oxygen free radicals induces oxidative stress, which is known to be involved in the development of metabolic syndrome. Therefore, we investigated whether hydrogen-rich water (HRW) affects metabolic abnormalities in the metabolic syndrome rat model, SHR.Cg-<it>Lepr<sup>cp</sup></it>/NDmcr (SHR-cp).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Male SHR-cp rats (5 weeks old) were divided into 2 groups: an HRW group was given oral HRW for 16 weeks, and a control group was given distilled water. At the end of the experiment, each rat was placed in a metabolic cage for 24 h, fasted for 12 h, and anesthetized; the blood and kidneys were then collected.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Sixteen weeks after HRW administration, the water intake and urine flow measured in the metabolic cages were significantly higher in the HRW group than in the control group. The urinary ratio of albumin to creatinine was significantly lower and creatinine clearance was higher in the HRW group than in the control group. After the 12-h fast, plasma urea nitrogen and creatinine in the HRW group were significantly lower than in the control group. The plasma total antioxidant capacity was significantly higher in the HRW group than in the control group. The glomerulosclerosis score for the HRW group was significantly lower than in the control group, and a significantly positive correlation was observed between this score and plasma urea nitrogen levels.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The present findings suggest that HRW conferred significant benefits against abnormalities in the metabolic syndrome model rats, at least by preventing and ameliorating glomerulosclerosis and creatinine clearance.</p
Capsaicin partially mimics heat in mouse fibroblast cells in vitro
Capsaicin activates transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), a cation channel in the transient receptor potential family, resulting in the transient entry of Ca2+ and Mg2+ and a warm sensation. However, the effects of capsaicin on cells have not fully elucidated in fibroblasts. In this study, we investigated whether capsaicin could induce signal transduction in mouse fibroblast cells and compared the effect with that of heat-induced signal transduction. The activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) ERK and p38 MAPK, expression levels of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and HSP90, actin assembly, and cell proliferation were analyzed in NIH3T3 mouse fibroblast cells. A 15-min stimulation with capsaicin (âŒ100 ÎŒM) phosphorylated ERK and p38 MAPK and induced actin assembly. A 2-day stimulation with capsaicin increased the level of HSP70, but not HSP90, and the 2-day stimulation with capsaicin (âŒ100 ÎŒM) did not affect cell proliferation. A 15-min exposure to moderate heat (39.5 °C) phosphorylated both ERK and p38 MAPK and induced actin assembly to similar degrees as stimulation with capsaicin. A 2-day exposure to moderate heat increased the levels of both HSP70 and HSP90 and prevented cell proliferation. However, the 2-day stimulation with capsaicin (100 ÎŒM) failed to prevent heat shock-induced cell death. Thus, our results suggest that the effects of capsaicin on fibroblast cells partially differ from those of heat. Notably, the 2-day stimulation with capsaicin was not sufficient to develop heat tolerance in fibroblast cells. © 2016 Springer-Verlag Berlin HeidelbergEmbargo Period 12 month
Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Enhance Neuronal Differentiation in Cultured Rat Neural Stem Cells
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can induce neurogenesis and recovery from brain diseases. However, the exact mechanisms of the beneï¿œcial effects of PUFAs have not been conclusively described. We recently reported that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) induced neuronal differentiation by decreasing Hes1 expression and increasing p27 kip1 expression, which causes cell cycle arrest in neural stem cells (NSCs). In the present study, we examined the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and arachidonic acid (AA) on differentiation, expression of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors (Hes1, Hes6, and NeuroD), and the cell cycle of cultured NSCs. EPA also increased mRNA levels of Hes1, an inhibitor of neuronal differentiation, Hes6, an inhibitor of Hes1, NeuroD, and Map2 mRNA and Tuj-1-positive cells (a neuronal marker), indicating that EPA induced neuronal differentiation. EPA increased the mRNA levels of p21 cip1 and p27 kip1 , a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, which indicated that EPA induced cell cycle arrest. Treatment with AA decreased Hes1 mRNA but did not affect NeuroD and Map2 mRNA levels. Furthermore, AA did not affect the number of Tuj-1-positive cells or cell cycle progression. ese results indicated that EPA could be involved in neuronal differentiation by mechanisms alternative to those of DHA, whereas AA did not affect neuronal differentiation in NSCs
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